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MICROBIO > chapter 16 > Flashcards

chapter 16 Flashcards

1
Q

always
involves the production of antibodies in response to antigens.

A

Humoral immunity

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2
Q

involves various
cell types, with
antibodies only playing
a minor role, if any.

A

CMI

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3
Q

Immunity that results from the active production or receipt of
protective antibodies during one’s lifetime is called

A

acquired
immunity.

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4
Q

the person receives antibodies that
were produced by another person or by more than one
person, or, in some cases,

A

passive
acquired immunity,

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5
Q

There are two types of active
acquired immunity:

A

Natural
Artificial

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6
Q

Antibodies that protect
us from infection or
reinfection are

A

protective antibodies.

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7
Q

People who have had a
specific infection usually have
developed some resistance to
reinfection by the causative pathogen because of the presence of antibodies and stimulated lymphocytes. This is

called

A

natural active acquired immunity.

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8
Q

a person
receives antibodies,
rather than producing
them. This can occur
naturally or in an
artificial manner.

A

passive acquired
immunity,

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9
Q

small anti-
bodies (like immunoglobulin G
[IgG],
mother’s blood cross the placenta to reach the fetus

A

natural passive ac-
quired immunity,

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10
Q

is accomplished by
transferring antibodies from an
immune person to a susceptible
person.

A

Artificial passive acquired
immunity

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11
Q

The major cell types that participate
in immune responses are:

A
  • T lymphocytes (T cells)
  • B lymphocytes (B cells)
  • NK cells (a category of lymphocytes)
  • Macrophages
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12
Q

Immune responses
occur at many body
sites, including

A

SPLEEN
LYMPH NODES
TONSILS
ADENOIDS

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13
Q

A bacterial cell has many molecules on its surface capable of stimulating the production of antibodies; these individual molecules or antigenic sites are known as

A

antigenic determinants

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14
Q

antigens THAT
requires the
participation of helper
T cells, as well as
macrophages and
B cells.

A

T-dependent

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15
Q

globular glycoproteins in the blood that participate in immune reactions.

A

Immunoglobulins

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16
Q

That person’s immune system responds by producing antibodies against the toxin;
such antibodies are called

A

antitoxins.

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17
Q

can be
thought of as an overly
sensitive immune
system.

A

Hypersensitivity

18
Q

occur from
within a few minutes to 24 hours after contact with a
particular antigen.

A

Immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions

19
Q

classic allergic
responses such as hay fever, symptoms, asthma, hives, and
gastrointestinal symptoms that result from food allergies; allergic responses to insect stings
and drugs; and anaphylactic
shock.

A

Type I Hypersensitivity Reactions

20
Q

results
from the release of chemical mediators from basophils in the bloodstream.

A

Systemic anaphylaxis

21
Q

This is the most common
reaction to latex products. The affected individual
experiences dry, itchy, irritated areas on the skin, usuALLY-

A

Irritant contact dermatitis.

22
Q

are cytotoxic reactions, meaning that body cells are destroyed
during these reactions. include the cytotoxic reactions that occur in incompatible blood transfusions, Rh incompatibility reactions, and myasthenia gravis;

A

Type II Hypersensitivity Reactions

23
Q

serum sickness is an example of

A

Type 3 hypersensitivity

24
Q

are referred to as delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) or cellmediated immune reactions,
and are part of CMI.

A

Type 4

25
Q

results when a person’s immune system no longer recognizes certain body tissues as self and
attempts to destroy those tissues as if they were nonself or foreign.

A

autoimmune disease

26
Q

If a person’s immune system is functioning properly, that
person is said to be an

A

immunocompetent person.

27
Q

person’s immune system is not functioning properly, that per
son is said to be

A

immunosuppressed,

28
Q

may be caused by drugs (e.g.,
cancer chemotherapeutic agents
and drugs given to transplant
patients), irradiation, or certain infectious diseases

A

Acquired immunodeficiencies

29
Q

Persons who produce an insufficient amount of antibodies are said to have

A

hypogammaglobulinemia.

30
Q

Some people are born lacking the ability to produce
protective antibodies. Because they are unable to produce
antibodies,

A

agammaglobulinemia.

31
Q
  1. Of the following, which is the least likely to be
    involved in CMI?
    a. antibodies
    b. cytokines
    c. macrophages
    d. T cells
A

a

32
Q

Antibodies are secreted by:
a. basophils.
b. macrophages.
c. plasma cells.
d. T cells.

A

c

33
Q

Humoral immunity involves all the following
except:
a. antibodies.
b. antigens.
c. NK cells.
d. plasma cells.

A

c

34
Q

Immunity that develops as a result of an actual infection is called:

a. artificial active acquired immunity.
b. artificial passive acquired immunity.
c. natural active acquired immunity.
d. natural passive acquired immunity.

A

c

35
Q

Artificial passive acquired immunity would result
from:
a. having the measles.
b. ingesting colostrum.
c. receiving a gamma globulin injection.
d. receiving a vaccine.

A

c

36
Q
  1. The vaccines that are used to protect people from
    diphtheria and tetanus are:
    a. antitoxins.
    b. attenuated vaccines.
    c. inactivated vaccines.
    d. toxoids.
A

d

37
Q

Natural passive acquired immunity would result
from:
a. having the measles.
b. ingesting colostrum.
c. receiving a gamma globulin injection.
d. receiving a vaccine.

A

b

38
Q

Which of the following statements about IgM is
false?
a. IgM contains a J chain.
b. IgM has a total of 10 antigen-binding sites.
c. IgM is a pentamer.
d. IgM is a long-lived molecule.

A

d

39
Q

Which of the following could be an effect of type III
hypersensitivity?
a. glomerulonephritis
b. rheumatoid arthritis
c. SLE
d. all of the above

A

d

40
Q

Most likely, immunology got its start in 1890 when

these scientists discovered antibodies while develop-
ing a diphtheria antitoxin.

a. Edward Jenner and Louis Pasteur
b. Elie Metchnikoff and Robert Koch
c. Emil Behring and Kitasato Shibasaburo
d. Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin

A

c

MICROBIO (27 decks)

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