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microbio > CELL STRUCTURE > Flashcards

CELL STRUCTURE Flashcards

1
Q

is defined as the fundamental unit of
any living organism

A

cell

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2
Q

refers
to all of the chemical reactions that occur within a cell

A

metabolism

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3
Q

the study of the structure and function of
cells,

A

cytology

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4
Q

it is a mosaic composed of eukaryotic chromosomes consist of DNA molecules and proteins

A

cell membrane

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5
Q

An organism’s complete
collection of genes is
referred to as its

A

genome

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6
Q

cell membrane functions

A

regulates passage of nutrients, WASTE PRODUCTS AND SECRETIONS

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7
Q

A “true nucleus”
consists

A

nucleoplasm, chromosomes
nuclear membrane

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8
Q

(a type of protoplasm) is the gelatinous matrix or base material of the nucleus.

A

nucleoplasm

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9
Q

where do chromosomes suspend

A

nucleoplasm

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10
Q

it is here that rRNA molecules are manufactured.

A

nucleolus

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11
Q

is where most of the cell’s metabolic reactions occur.

A

cytoplasm

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12
Q

luted system of membranes that are interconnected and
arranged to form a transport network of tubules and
flattened sacs within the cytoplasm.

A

ER

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13
Q

They consist mainly of rRNA and protein and play an important part in the synthesis of proteins.

A

Ribosomes

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14
Q

connects or communicates with the ER. This stack of
flattened, membranous sacs completes the transformation
of newly synthesized proteins into mature,

A

Golgi complex

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15
Q

Golgi complex can be reffered as

A

packaging plants

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16
Q

are small vesicles that
originate at the Golgi complex. They contain lysozyme

A

Lysosomes

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17
Q

destroying the entire cell by a process called ____ if the cell is
damaged or deteriorating.

A

autolysis

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18
Q

are membrane-bound vesicles in which
hydrogen peroxide is both generated and broken down.

A

peroxisomes

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19
Q

peroxisomes contain what enzyme that speeds breakdown of hydrogen peroxide

A

Catalase

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20
Q

are membrane-bound structures containing various photosynthetic pigments; they are the sites of photosynthesis.

A

plastids

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21
Q

one type of plastid, contain a green, photosynthetic pigment called
chlorophyll.

A

Chloroplast

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22
Q

activities, such as cell division, contraction, motility and the movement of chromosomes within the cell are caused by

A

microtubules and microfilaments

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23
Q

slender, hollow tubules composed of spherical protein
subunits called tubulins.

A

microtubules

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24
Q

flagellated protozoa are called

A

flagellates

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25
Q

The cell walls of algae contain a polysaccharide_____that is not found in the cell
walls of any other microorganisms.

A

ceullulose

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26
Q

The cell walls of fungi
contain a polysaccharide—____—that is not found in
the cell walls of any other microorganisms.

A

chitin

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27
Q

organelles of locomotion,
but they tend to be shorter (more hairlike), thinner, and
more numerous than flagella.

A

cillia

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28
Q

procaryotics cells are 1o times smaller than eukar cells

A

TRUE

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29
Q

reproduction of procaryotic cells is by___

A

binary fission (division of one cell into 2 cells”

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30
Q

inward foldings of the cell membranes—are where cellular respiration takes
place in bacteria.

A

mesosomes

31
Q

bacterial cells posses only one chromosome while eucaryotic cells possess many

A

TRUE

32
Q

usually consists of a single, long, supercoiled, circular DNA molecule, which serves as the control center of the bacterial cell.

A

procaryotic chromosome

33
Q

Small, circular molecules of
double-stranded DNA that are not part of the chromosome

A

Plasmids/Extrachromosomal DNA

34
Q

these are Small, circular molecules of
double-stranded DNA that are
not part of the chromosome

A

Plasmids

35
Q

Procaryotic ribosomes are smaller
than eucaryotic ribosomes,

A

TRUE

36
Q

have a thick layer of peptidoglycan combined with teichoic
acid and lipoteichoic acid molecules.

A

gram positive cell wall

37
Q

bacteria lose their
ability to produce cell walls,
transforming into tiny variants
of the same species, referred
to as

A

L form

38
Q

the only bacteria with no cellwall

A

mycoplasma

39
Q

is a slimy, gelatinous material produced
by the cell membrane and secreted outside of the cell wall.

A

Glycocalyx

40
Q

highly organized and firmly attached to the cell wall.
usually consist of polysaccharides, which may
be combined with lipids and proteins,

A

capsule

41
Q

a cpasule staining procedure

A

negative stain

42
Q

colonies on nu-
trient agar that are smooth,
mucoid, and glistening; they
are referred to as

A

S-colonies

43
Q

Nonencapsulated bacteria tend to grow as dry, rough colonies,
called

A

R colonies

44
Q

serve an antiphagocytic function, protecting the encapsulated bacteria from being phagocytized (ingested) by phagocytic white blood cells.

A

capsules

45
Q

Bacteria never possess a cilia

A

TRUE

46
Q

Bacteria possessing
flagella over their entire surface (perimeter) are called

A

peritrichous bacteria

47
Q

Bacteria with a tuft of
flagella at one end are described as being

A

lophotrichous
bacteria,

48
Q

Bacteria
possessing a single polar flagellum are described as

A

monotrichous bacteria.

49
Q

having one or more flagella at
each end are said to be

A

amphitrichous

50
Q

Bacterial flagella do not contain microtubules, and their flagella are not membrane-
bound.

A

TRUE

51
Q

spiralshaped bacteri

A

spirochetes

52
Q

spirocheres have flagella like fibrils called

A

AXIAL FILAMENTS

53
Q

hairlike structures, most often observed on Gram-negative bacteria.

A

Pili/fimbriae

54
Q

what strain of pili cause diseases

A

piliated strains

55
Q

enables the transfer of genetic
material from one
bacterial cell

A

Sex pilus

56
Q

in sex pilus, the pili is called the

A

donor cell

57
Q

the donor cell attaches to the?

A

recipient cell

58
Q

Bacterial spores
are referred to as

A

endospores

59
Q

During ____ a copy of the chromosome and some of the surrounding cytoplasm becomes enclosed in
several thick protein coats.

A

sporulation

60
Q

The only
membrane possessed
by a procaryotic cell is
its cell membrane.

A

TRUE

61
Q

An organism’s
complete collection of
physical characteristics
is known as the
organism’s

A

phenotype

62
Q

Taxonomy is separated into 3 AREAS:

A

Classification, nomenclature & identification

63
Q

is the
arrangement of organisms into taxonomic groups on the basis of similarities or rela-
tionships.

A

Classification

64
Q

is the assignment of names to the various taxa according
to international rules.

A

Nomenclature

65
Q

the process of
determining whether an isolate belongs to one of the
established,

A

identification

66
Q

who devised the 3 domain system of classification

A

Carl R. Woese

67
Q

What are the 3 domain system

A

Archaea, Bacteria, Eucarya

68
Q

what is the correct classification order

A

Kingdom
Division
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

69
Q

Relatedness among
organisms is
determined by analysis
of genes that code for

A

small subunit ribosomal
RNA (SSUrRNA).

70
Q

The semipermeable structure controlling the trans-
port of materials between the cell and its external

environment is the:

A

cell membrane

71
Q

Which one of the following is never found in pro-
caryotic cells?

a. flagella
b. capsule
c. cilia
d. ribosomes

A

c

72
Q

One way in which an archaean would differ from a
bacterium is that the archaean would possess no:
a. DNA in its chromosome.
b. peptidoglycan in its cell walls.
c. ribosomes in its cytoplasm.
d. RNA in its ribosomes.

A

B

73
Q

Some bacteria stain Gram-positive and others stain

Gram-negative as a result of differences in the struc-
ture of their:

a. capsule.
b. cell membrane.
c. cell wall.
d. ribosomes.

A

Cell wall

74
Q

Molecules of extrachromosomal DNA are also
known as:
a. Golgi bodies.
b. lysosomes.
c. plasmids.
d. plastids.

A

c

microbio (27 decks)

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