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Bacteriology > Staphylococcus 2 > Flashcards

Staphylococcus 2 Flashcards

1
Q

T or F S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans causes otitis externa in dog

A

True - however ear infection may be due to multiple bacteria, yeast, and parasites

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2
Q

What are the clinical signs of pyoderma from S. pseudintermedius in dogs?

A

Dermatitis and folliculitis (rarely systemic)

Starts as papular lesions → pustules and small intradermal abscesses

Deep skin lesions (furuncles/large haemorrhagic bullae) may rupture → fistulous tracts with pus

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3
Q

What treatment should be given to a dog with pyoderma due to S. pseudintermedius? (5 points)

A
  1. Drain abscesses
  2. Depends on whether lesions are deep or superficial
  3. Topical antiseptics
  4. Topical and/or systemic antibiotics
  5. Staphage lysate
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4
Q

Which tick transmits S. aureus? How does it transmit the bacteria?

A

Ixodes ricinus

bite permits entry of S. aureus + Anaplasma phagocytophilum causing tick fever leading to immune suppression & predisposing to infections

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5
Q

Where is Tick pyemia commonly seen?

A

Common in the UK and Ireland

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6
Q

What are the clinical signs of tick pyemia?

A

arthritis, ill-thrift, posterior paresis and severe cases septicemia, multi organ abscesses and death

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7
Q

Botryomycosis present how in a horse?

A

Scirrhous cord a few weeks post castration

Commonly located in the limbs near the point of the elbow

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8
Q

In sows where do we see Botryomycosis?

A

Occurs in mammary tissues

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9
Q

How is S. aureus transmitted in sows and horses?

A

Post-surgery
Trauma with contamination

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10
Q

How do we treat and control Botryomycosis (S. aureus) in horses and pigs?

A

Surgical excision
Prolonged systemic antibiotics after sensitivity testing
Good hygiene

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11
Q

Exudative epidermitis/Greasy pig disease treatment and control is done how? (5 factors)

A
  1. Early treatment with topical and systemic antibiotics
  2. Topical antiseptics
  3. Isolate infected pigs
  4. Clean and disinfect surfaces
  5. Wash sows with antiseptic before farrowing
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12
Q

S. aureus bovine staphylococcal mastitis is due to what factors?

A

Endogenous/contagious mastitis
Adapted to the bovine udder colonizing the teat and teat canal

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13
Q

What is the pathogenesis of S. aureus in bovine mastitis?

A

Neutrophils and macrophages are impaired (due to milk fat)

Chronic inflammation (terminal alveoli)

Occasionally gangrenous

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14
Q

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is associated with what clinical signs:

A

Pyoderma
Otitis externa
Other suppurative conditions - Mastitis, Endometritis, Cystitis, Osteomyelitis, Wound infections

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15
Q

T or F S. aureus occasionally causes suppurative conditions

A

TRUE

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16
Q

Diagnosis of Staphylococcal infections in dogs and cats:

A

Culture and microscopy from clinical swabs

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17
Q

T or F Staphylococcal infection in dogs and cats does not require abx sensitivity testing.

A

False - need to do sensitivity testing prior to choosing abx

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18
Q

What are the most important control measure for staphylococcal infections in dogs and cats?

A

Aseptic surgical techniques
Sanitization of clinics/hospitals

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19
Q

Pyoderma in dogs is caused by what Staphylococcus spp?

A

S. pseudintermedius

20
Q

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius may be primary or secondary cause of otitis externa in dogs. This means that when treating the infection we need to do what?

A

Need to treat all contributing factors of the condition. Eg. mites, fungi

21
Q

What causes Tick pyemia in lambs?

A

S. aureus

22
Q

What would we need to confirm S. aureus infection?

A

clinical symptoms & isolation of S. aureus bacteria

23
Q

How do we treat tick pyemia (S. aureus) in lambs?

A

Prophylactic antibiotics e.g. long-acting tetracycline given to lambs starting at 1 week of age
Tick-control measures

24
Q

Botryomycosis in horses and sows is caused by what staphylococcus?

A

S. aureus (mainly) causing chronic, suppurative, granulomatous condition

25
Q

Diagnosis of Botryomycosis in horses and sows:

A

History, epidemiology and clinical signs
Lesion consists of fibrous tissue with foci of pus and sinus tracts

26
Q

Lab diagnosis of Botryomycosis needs what types of specimen?

A

Samples - pus, skin biopsy
Culture and microscopy

27
Q

What causes Exudative epidermitis/”greasy pig disease”?

A

Staphylococcus hyicus

28
Q

Where is greasy pig disease found?

A

worldwide

29
Q

What age of pig is most common to see greasy pig disease in?

A

Occurs in sucklers and weaned pigs up to 3 months of age

30
Q

How is exudative dermatitis/greasy pig transmitted?

A

Highly contagious
A commensal of the vaginal mucosa and skin of healthy sows
Enter skin through abrasions

31
Q

What are the predisposing factors for greasy pig infection?

A

Agalactiae in the sow
Concurrent infection
Weaning (due to stress)

32
Q

What is the major virulence factor of S. hyicus?

A

Exfoliative toxin is the major virulence factor

33
Q

What clinical signs are associated with greasy pig disease?

A

Anorexia, depression, fever
Extensive, exfoliative, non-pruritic dermatitis with a greasy exudate
Piglets under 3 weeks of age may die within 24 to 48 hours

34
Q

How do we diagnose greasy pig disease?

A

Clinical signs: exudative epidermitis
Isolation and identification of Staphylococcus hyicus

35
Q

What staphyloccus spp. causes bumblefoot in poultry? What else does it cause?

A

S. aureus (mainly) - causing pododermatitis/dermatitis, osteomyelitis, arthritis, bacteria and septicaemia (rarely)

36
Q

What are the clinical signs of bumblefoot infection due to S. aureus?

A

lameness, decreased food intake and growth rate

37
Q

Diagnosis of bumblefoot is based on what?

A

clinical signs

38
Q

How is bumblefoot (S. aureus) treated in poultry?

A

soaks, scab removal, antibiotic ointments, dressings

39
Q

What staphylococcus spp. causes Bovine staphylococcal mastitis?

A

S. aureus (mainly)

40
Q

How do we diagnose bovine staphylococcal mastitis?

A

Direct microscopic examination of the milk
Culture

41
Q

How is S. aureus spread in bovine staphylococcal mastitis?

A

Infection spreads by milkers, machines, cloths

42
Q

How does S. aureus cause infection to the teat in cows?

A

-Colonization of the apex of the teat, forms microcolonies -Enter teat canals, multiply in milk (poor milking machines facilitate entry)

43
Q

Bovine staphylococcal mastitis Treatment and control:

A

Parenteral antibiotics (IM, SC) Intramammary antibiotics
Systemic Antibiotics
Oxytocin - In combination with hand stripping
Improve animal husbandry and milking practices
Maintain a good milking machine/system

44
Q

What is the common staphylococcal disease seen in humans?

A

Food poisoning - via custard and cream-filled baked goods and mayonnaise-based dressings

45
Q

The risks for food poisoning in humans is increased via:

A

Temperature abuse and poor hand washing

46
Q

Staphylococcal disease in humans can also be seen as what asides from food poisoning?

A

Exfoliating or Scalded Skin Syndrome

Bacteriology (26 decks)

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