Pathogenic non-spore forming anaerobes

Question 1

General characteristics of pathogenic non-spore forming anaerobes

Answer 1

gram-neg rods

Question 2

anaerobes commonly found

Answer 2

mucous membrane

Question 3

How are pathogenic non-spore forming anaerobes cultured?

Answer 3

anaerobic jars
blood agar + yeast + vitamin K + hemin
selective media
liquid media: cooked broth, thioglycollate medium + vit K + hemin

Question 4

What disease does dichelobacter nodosus cause?

Answer 4

footrot in sheep

Question 5

What diseases do fusobacterium necrophorum?

Answer 5

calf diptheria
footrot and liver abscesses in cattle

Question 6

Dichelobacter nodosus distribution

Answer 6

worldwide

Question 7

Mode of infection of dichelobacter nodosus

Answer 7

infected or carrier animals
present in the environment
skin abrasions, wounds, damage by larvae
damp pasture

Question 8

Virulence factors of dichleobacter nodosus

Answer 8

pili
endotoxins
proteases

Question 9

Colonization synergism of dichleobacter nodosus

Answer 9

trueperella pyogenes
fusobacterium necrophorum

Question 10

Describe footrot in sheep and goats

Answer 10

seasonal in occurrence
infection of the epidermal tissue of the feet
lameness and loss of body weight

Question 11

Treatment of footrot in sheep and goats

Answer 11

trim the affected hoof
foot baths
antibiotics

Question 12

Prevention of footrot in sheep and goats

Answer 12

vaccination

Question 13

General charcateristics of fusobacterium

Answer 13

gram-neg
rod shaped
non-spore forming
anaerobe

Question 14

Characteristics of fusobacterium necrophorum

Answer 14

fusus - spindle shaped
pleomorphic
assocaited with necrotic lesions
“necrobacillosis”

Question 15

Habitat of fusobacterium necrophorum

Answer 15

normal inhabitant of GIT, respiratory tract and urogenital tract
found in soil

Question 16

Mode of infection of fusobacterium necrophorum

Answer 16

opportunistic infections - endogenous
soil - exogenous

Question 17

Virulence factors of fusobacterium necrophorum

Answer 17

leukotoxins
LPS
hemolysins
hemagglutinin
adhesins
dermonecrotic toxin
platelet aggregating factor
proteases

Question 18

Describe necrobacillosis

Answer 18

suppurative and necrotic infection in all animals

Question 19

Describe calf diphtheria

Answer 19

aka necrotic laryngitis
calves up to 2 years of age affected
predisposing factor = break in mucus membrane
can be acute or chronic
necrosis of the mucus membrane and underlying tissues of the larynx
if untreated can develop into a fatal necrotizing pneumonia

Question 20

Treatment for calf diphtheria

Answer 20

penicillin, tetracyclines, tylosin

Question 21

Interdigital necrobacillosis aka

Answer 21

footrot in cattle

Question 22

Bacteria that contribute to footrot in cattle

Answer 22

fusobacterium necrophorum
porphyromonas levii
dichelobacter nodosus
trueperella pyogenes

Question 23

Treatment of footrot in cattle

Answer 23

penicillin + streptomycin injections

Question 24

Control and prevention of footrot in cattle

Answer 24

trime hooves and foot baths
zinc sulfate in feed
fence animals, keep away from wet, marshy areas
vaccination

Question 25

Diagnosis of bovine rumentitis-liver abscess complex

Answer 25

detected after slaughter
no clinical signs
normal liver function tests

Question 26

Control of bovine rumentitis-liver abscess complex

Answer 26

proper feed management
antimicrobial feed additives
vaccine

Question 27

Describe fusobacterium equinum

Answer 27

normal inhabitant of GI, respiratory and urogenital tract of horses
causes opportunistic infections - abscesses and necrotic infections

Question 28

General characteristics of bacteriodes

Answer 28

gram-neg anaerobic rods
normal flora of the colon
cause abscesses and soft tissue infections

Question 29

Virulence factor of B. fragilis

Answer 29

produces enterotoxin - fragilysin: zinc protease that stimulates fluid secretion causing enteritis in calves, piglets, foals, infant rabbits and children

Question 30

Describe prevotella spp

Answer 30

largest single bacterial group from rumen of cattle and sheep undder most dietary