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Bacteriology > Pseduomonas + Burkholderia spp. > Flashcards

Pseduomonas + Burkholderia spp. Flashcards

1
Q

What species of Psedudomonas is of major veterinary importance?

A

Pseduomonas aeruginosa

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2
Q

Where is Pseduomonas aeruginosa found?

A

worldwide - in the environment, on skin, mucous membrane and feces

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3
Q

T/F Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes opportunistic infections

A

TRUE

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4
Q

General Characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

gram-neg rod
strict aerobe
oxidase pos
catalase pos
one or more polar flagella - motile
grape-like odor
produces pigments

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5
Q

What is the significance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa being oxidase positive?

A

this allows us to differentiate pseudomonas from enterobacteriaceasae (which are oxidase neg)

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6
Q

What pigments are produced by P. aeruginosa?

A

pyocyanin - blue green (most common)
pyoverdin - green yellow
pyorubin - red
pyomelanin - brown black

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7
Q

Predisposing factors assocated with P. aeruginosa

A

immunosuppression
burn wounds
excessive antibiotic use
contaminated surgical instruments
coontaminated intramammary infusion (cow)
excessive fleece wetting (sheep)
ear mites/otitis externa (dogs)
dental disease (rabbits)

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8
Q

Virulence Factors of P. aeruginosa

A

pili
flagella
LPS
biofilm production
exotoxin A
proteases
type III secretion system
exoenzymes
rhamnolipid
phospholipiase C
sideorphores

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9
Q

What aids in the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa?

A

opportunistic
adherence and colonization (pili, fimbriase, biofilm, flagella)
resistance to complement mediated killing (pigments/siderophores)
virulence factors work to cause damage to tissue - disease

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10
Q

What disease conditions are associated with P. aeruginosa infection in cows?

A

mastitis
metritis
pneumonia
dermatits
enteritis (calves)

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11
Q

What disease conditions are associated with P. aeruginosa infection in sheep?

A

mastitis
fleece-rot
pneumonia
otitis media

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12
Q

What disease conditions are associated with P. aeruginosa infection in pigs?

A

respiratory infections
otitis

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13
Q

What disease conditions are associated with P. aeruginosa infection in horses?

A

genital tract infections
pneumonia
ulcerative keratitis

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14
Q

What disease conditions are associated with P. aeruginosa infection in dogs and cats?

A

otitis externa
cystitis
oneumonia
ulcerative keratitis

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15
Q

What disease conditions are associated with P. aeruginosa infection in minks?

A

hemorrhagic pneumonia
septicemia

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16
Q

What disease conditions are associated with P. aeruginosa infection in captive reptiles?

A

necrotic stomatitis

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17
Q

What is fleece-rot in sheep?

A

exudative dermatitis and wool damage
predisposes to fly strike

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18
Q

What causes fleece-rot in sheep?

A

P. aeruginosa

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19
Q

What specimens are used in the lab to diagnose P. aeruginosa?

A

pus
respiratory asapirates
mid-stream urine
mastitic milk
ear swabs

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20
Q

How does P. aeruginosa appear on culture?

A

growth on BA and MAC after 24-48 hours
fruity, grape-like odor
pyocyanin production
non-lactose fermenter: pale colonies on MAC
oxidase pos

21
Q

How to diagnose P. aeruginosa?

A

history, culture, biochemical testing, PCR

22
Q

How to treat P. aeruginosa

A

susceptibility testing due to innate resistance to many antibiotics

anti-pseduomonal penicillins
aminoglycosides
fluorquinolones

23
Q

How to control/prevent P. aeruginosa?

A

vaccines for mink chinchillas
prevent predisposing factors

24
Q

General Characteristics of Burkholderia spp.

A

gram-neg rods
obligate aerobes
oxidase pos
catalase pos

25
Q

Where can we find Burkholderia mallei?

A

environment but doesn’t survice for more than 2 weeks
reservoir: infected equidae

26
Q

Where can we find Burkholderia pseudomallei?

A

found in the soil
reservoir: wild rodents

27
Q

What is the difference B. mallei and B. pseudomallei?

A

B. mallei is biochemically unreactive and non-motile, B. pseudomallei is biochemically activate and motile

28
Q

What is the causative agent of Glanders in horses?

A

Burkholderia mallei

29
Q

What species are susceptible to Burkholderia mallei?

A

mostly equine
carnivores
zoonotic

30
Q

How is Glanders disease transmitted?

A

ingestion
less commonly via inhalation and skin abrasions

31
Q

What areas of the world is Burkholderia mallei endemic to?

A

endemic foci in parts of China, Mongolia, pockets of India, Iraq, Turkey and the Philippines

32
Q

Describe the clinical manifestations of Burkholderia mallei

A

nodules and ulcers in the respiratory tract a/o skin

acute septicemia

chronic disease: nasal form, pulmonary/respiratory form, cutaneous form (farcy)

33
Q

What are the clinical signs seen with the acute septicemic form of Burkholderia mallei?

A

fever, mucopurulent nasal discharge and respiratory signs - death usually occurs within a few weeks

34
Q

Describe the clinical signs seen with the nasal form of Burkholderia mallei

A

ulcerative nodules
purulent, blood-stained nasal discharge
regional lymphadenopathy
ulcers leaving star-shaped scars

35
Q

Describe the clincal signs seen with the pulmonary form of Burkholderia mallei

A

respiratory distress
tubercle-like lesions throughout the lungs

36
Q

Describe the clinical signs seen in horses suffering from Farcy

A

lymphangitis along the limbs
ulcers with yellow pus

37
Q

What are the virulence factors of Burkholderia mallei

A

capsule
type II and type IV secretory systems
quorum sensing
intracellular survival
cause hypersensitivity reactions
adhesions
fimbriae

38
Q

How to diagnose Burkholderia mallei

A

sample: discharge from lesions
must be processed in a biohazard cabinet
MAC non-lactose fermenter
incubate for 2-3 days
supplement media w glycerol
PCR
CFT
ELISA
mallein intradermo-palpebral test

39
Q

Describe the mallein intradermo-palpebral test

A

mallein: glycoprotein extract from B. mallei
inject intradermally below lower eyelid
pos reaction = local swelling and mucoplurulent ocular discharge after 24 hours

40
Q

How to control Burkholderia mallei

A

test and slaughter policy
cleaning and disinfection of contaminated areas

41
Q

What disease is caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei?

A

melioidosis

42
Q

Where is melioidosis commonly found?

A

endemic in tropical and sub-tropical regions of south-eastern Asia and Australia

43
Q

What are the common habitats of Burkholderia pseudomallei?

A

soil and water

44
Q

How is melioidosis transmitted?

A

ingestion, inhalation, skin contamination
opportunistic
infects many species (zoonotic)

45
Q

What are the virulence factors of B. pseudomallei?

A

capsule
types III and IV secretion systems
exotoxins
dermonecrotic proteases
lecithinase

46
Q

Clinical signs associated with melioidosis

A

abscesses in:
lungs
liver
spleen
joints
central nervous system

47
Q

Diagnosis of B. pseudomallei

A

culture of pus from abscesses
processed in a biohazard cabinet
BA and MAC - lactose fermenter
incubate for 2-3 days
musty odor
motile and biochemically activate
PCR
CFT
ELISA

48
Q

Control of B. pseudomallei

A

test and slaughter policy
treatment is expensive and unreliable
no vaccines

Bacteriology (26 decks)

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