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Bacteriology > Francisella > Flashcards

Francisella Flashcards

1
Q

What diseases does Francisella spp. cause?

A

rabbit fever
deer fly fever

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2
Q

Can Francisella tularensis be used as a biological weapon?

A

yes

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3
Q

What subtype is F. tularensis subsp. tularensis? Where is it found?

A

highly virulent type A
North America

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4
Q

What subtype is F. tularensis subsp. holarctica? Where is it found?

A

less vireulent type B
Eurasia and North America

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5
Q

What subtype is F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica? Where is it found?

A

type C - similar virulence to subsp. holarctica
Asia

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6
Q

Describe the general characteristics of Francisella tularensis

A

gram neg coccobacillary rods, can be pleomorphic
non-motile
facultative intracellular pathogen
obligate aerobe

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7
Q

Does F. tularensis gram stain well?

A

no - gram stains poorly due to high lipid content

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8
Q

Does Francisella tularensis require supplementation in media for culture?

A

yes - needs cysteine

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9
Q

Does F. tularensis grow on MAC?

A

NO

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10
Q

F. tularensis oxidase and catalase reactions

A

oxidase neg
weakly catalase pos

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11
Q

What are the vectors of F. tularensis?

A

ticks, biting flies, mosquitos

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12
Q

Reservoirs of F. tularensis

A

rodents
lagomorphs
galliform birds
deer

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13
Q

Domestic hosts of F. tularensis

A

sheep
cats
dogs - rarely show clinical signs, may be a reservoir host
horses
pigs

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14
Q

What other species can be infected by F. tularensis?

A

birds, amphibians, fish, reptiles

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15
Q

Transmission of F. tularensis

A

via skin abrasions, bites, scratches
arthropod bites
inhalation
ingestion
conjunctiva

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16
Q

Clinical manifestations of F. tularensis infections

A

chronic granulomatous lesions
subclinical infection s
fulminating disease - immunocompromised individuals

17
Q

Pathogenesis of F. tularensis

A

main target is macrophages
infect hepatocytes, epithelial and endothelial cells
inhibits phagosome/lysosome fusion

18
Q

Virulence of F. tularensis

A

Francisella Pathogenicity Island - type IV secretory system
two copies in virulent strains
one copy in less virulent strains

19
Q

Clinical signs of F. tularensis in lagomorphs and rodents

A

animals often found dead
fever, ulcers, lymphadenopathy, abscesses, weakness and death 8-14 days

20
Q

Clinical signs of F. tularensis in sheep

A

commonly infected
outbreak during peak tick season
fever, respiratory distrss, rigid gait, PD, diarrhea
mortality in young sheep
abortion

21
Q

Clinical signs of F. tularensis in horses

A

associated with severe tick infestation
fever, unsteady gait, dyspnea, depression

22
Q

Clinical signs of F. tularensis in cats

A

more susceptible than dogs
non-specific clinical signs
can quickly progress to death
fever, lethargy, inappetence, poor BCS, icterus, vomiting, dehydration, lyphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, oral and lingual ulcers

23
Q

Clinical signs of F. tularensis in dogs

A

relatively resistant
occasional disease in young adult dogs
fever, inappetence, peripheral lymphadenopathy

24
Q

Diagnosis of F. tularensis from clinical specimens

A

blood for serology
scrapings from ulcers
lymph node aspirates
respiratory secretions
biopsy material or post-mortem samples
direct examination, giemsa stain, direct fluorescent antibody test
paired sera testing
ELISA
isolation
PCR
MALDI-TOF

25
Q

Appearance of F. tularensis on culture

A

small, grey mucoid colonies
narrow zone of incomplete hemolysis

26
Q

Treatment of F. tularensis

A

antibiotics
resistant to beta lactams (produce beta-lactamases)

27
Q

Control of F. tularensis

A

ectoparasite control
prevent contamination
prevent dogs and cats from hunting wildlife species

28
Q

Is there a vaccination available for F. tularensis?

A

NO

29
Q

Is F. tularensis a notafiable disease?

A

YES

Bacteriology (26 decks)

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