Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bacteriology > Pasteurellaceae > Flashcards

Pasteurellaceae Flashcards

1
Q

General characteristics of Pateurella and Bibersteinia spp.

A

gram neg
facultative anaerobes
oxidase pos
non motile
bipolar staining - Giemsa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the basis of serological typing for Pasteuerlla multocida

A

typing is based on the capsular composition of the different strains and somatic antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the habitat of Pasteurella spp?

A

commensals of mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, oral cavity and intestinal tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How can Pasteurella spp cause infection?

A

endogenous opportunistic infections
exogenous infections via direct contact, inhalation a/o ingestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Does P. multocida grow on MAC?

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How to diagnose P. multocida?

A

direct microscopy - bipolar staining with Giemsa, look like saftey pins
growth on BA
non-hemolytic
sweet odor on BA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What culture conditions improve primary isolation of P. multocida?

A

5-10% CO2 conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What can be done to differentiate Pasteruella, Bibersteinia and Mannheimia

A

sugar fermentation tests
biochemical testing and colony features

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which species show hemolysis on BA?
(m. hemolytica, p. multocida, b. trehalosi)

A

m. hemolytica
b. terhalosi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which species show growth on MAC?
(m. hemolytica, p. multocida, b. trehalosi)

A

m. hemolytica
b. trehalosi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which species have a distictive odor?
(m. hemolytica, p. multocida, b. trehalosi)

A

p. multocida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which species are capable of indole production?
(m. hemolytica, p. multocida, b. trehalosi)

A

p. multocida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which species are catalase positive?
(m. hemolytica, p. multocida, b. trehalosi)

A

m. hemolytica
p. multocida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which species have ornithine decarboxylase activity?
(m. hemolytica, p. multocida, b. trehalosi)

A

p. multocida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which species are urease pos?
(m. hemolytica, p. multocida, b. trehalosi)

A

NONE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a limitation to using biochemical strips when diagnosing pasteurellosis?

A

rapid but results may not be accurate
lack of differentiation from other Pasteurellaceae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When can serological diagnosis be used to diagnose P. multocida?

A

only possible in recovered animals
difficult in acute and fatal disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Virulence factors of P. multocida

A

adhesins, capsule (hyaluronic acid capsule in types A and B), LPS endotoxin, iron acquisition mechanisms, proteases, lipases
Pasteuerlla mutocida toxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does Pasteurella multocida toxin cause?

A

induces osteoclast activity in the nasal bones causing atrophic rhinitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which strains of P. multocida is osteolytic toxin a major virulence factor in?

A

type D - atrophic rhinitis in pigs
type A - pneumonia in pigs and snuffles in rabbits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the causative agent of Hemorrhagic Septicemia?

A

P. multicodia B:2
P. multicodia E:2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is another name for Hemorrhagic Septicemia?

A

Barbone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the predisposing factors for Barbone?

A

overwork
poor bcs
monsoon rains
high temp and high humidity
calving season
co-infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How is Barbone transmitted?

A

direct contact with nasal a/o oral secretions
ingestion
inhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of Barbine

A

causes severe endotoxemia
disseminated intravascular coagulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Describe the epidemiology of Barbone disease

A

all ages can be effected but most common in animals 6-24 months
latent carriers - organism in the tonsillar crypts - shed organism via nasal secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Clinical signs of Barbone Disease

A

sudden death
high fever, lethargy, salivation, lacrimation
respiratory distress
laryngeal edema
hemorrhaging
recumbancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the incubation period for Barbone disease?

A

2-4 days
disease course lasts for 2-5 days
(very acute)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the mortality rate of Barbone disease?

A

50-100% mortality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Diagnosis of Barbone disease

A

history
gross pathological changes
petechial hemorrhages
enlarged hemorrhagic lymph nodes
blood tinged fluid
bipolar Giemsa stained blood smears
isolation, serotyping
indirect hemagglutination test
PCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How to treat Barbone disease

A

antibiotic therapy with penicillin and tetracycline - early febrile stage in endogenous regions

regions where disease is exotic: slaughter infected and exposed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Prevention and control of Barbone disease

A

vaccines - bacterin, live heterotypic, or modified lice deletion mutation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Describe Enzootic Pneumonia of Calves

A

infectious respiratory disease of calves less than 6months old
peak occurtence from 2-10 weeks
can infect calves up to 1 year of age
more common in dairy than beef calves
more common in housed calves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are the morbidity and mortality rates of Enzootic Pneumonia of Calves

A

morbidity 100%
mortality 20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Enzootic Pneumonia of Calves aka

A

dairy calf pneumonia
summer pneumonia of beef calves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Describe Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex

A

most common and costliest problem encountered in feedlot cattle
severe bronchopneumonia, pleurisy
occurs within 4 weeks of weaning and is triggered by stressful events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex aka

A

Shipping Fever Complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What causes Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex

A

combination of viruses, bacteria (P. multocida, M. haemolytica, M. bovis), endogenic factos, and exogenic factprs causing disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Clinical Signs of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex

A

sudden onset of fever, depression, anorexia, tachypnea, serious nasal discharge
mixed infections - cough and ocular discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Morbity and mortality rates of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex

A

morbidity 50%
mortality 1-10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Diagnosis of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex

A

history, clinical signs
gross pathology: cranial lobes of lungs are red, swollen and consolidated. fibrinous pleurisy
cytospin preparations from bonchioalveolar lavage reveal large numbers of neutrophils
isolation of organism from trantracheal wash or affected lung tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Treatment of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex

A

isolate affected animals
antibiotics but increasing resistance of M. haemolytica has been reported

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Prevention and control of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex

A

monitor new animals
minimize stress factors
vaccination
metaphylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Causative agent of Atrophic Rhinitis in Pigs

A

toxigenic strains of P. multocida types A or D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What are the strains of P. multocida that cause atrophic rhinitis in pigs designated as?

A

AR+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

At what age are pigs most vulnerable to atrophic rhinitis?

A

at 3-8 weeks old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is the source of infection for atrophic rhinitis?

A

carrier pigs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Predisposing Factors of Atrophic Rhinitis in Pigs

A

infection with Bordetella bronchiseptica
overstocking
poor ventilation
mixing pigs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Describe the non-progressive form of atrophic rhinitis

A

caused by B. bronchioseptica
mild turbinate atrophy
predisposes to progressive atrophic rhinitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Describe the progressive for of atrophic rhinitis

A

caused by toxogenix P. multocida AR+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What is the main virulence factor of progressive atrophic rhinitis

A

Pasteurella multocida toxin
causing cytoskeletal rearrangements and fibroblast growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Clinical Signs of ATrophic Rhinitis

A

excessive lactrimation, sneezing, epistaxis
snout gradually becomes wrinkled
lateral deviation of the snout
pigs are underweight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Diagnosis of atrophic rhinitis

A

facial deformities
visual assessment of the extent of turinate atrophy (postmortem)
isolation and identification to demonstrate toxigenic strains
PCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Prevention and Control of Atrophic Rhinitis

A

chemoprophylaxis - increasing antimicrobial resistance
improve husbandry and management
vaccination

55
Q

Causative agent of Pasteurellosis in sheep

A

M. haemolytica
B. trehalosi
P. multocida causes sporatic cases

56
Q

Clinical signs of Pasteurellosis in sheep

A

sudden deaths
acute respiratory disease

57
Q

Describe Septicemic Pateurellosis

A

lambs less than 3 months of age - M. haemolytica
older animals 5-12 months of age - B. trehalosi

58
Q

Diagnosis of Pasteurellosis

A

isolation of organism from lung lesions
ventral consolidation of the cranial lobes of the lungs and fibrinous pleural and pericardial effuses are observed post-mortem

59
Q

Treatment of pateurellosis in sheep

A

long acting oxytetracycline

60
Q

Control of pasteurellosis in sheep

A

multivalent bacterins

61
Q

Causitive agent of Fowl Cholera

A

P. multocida types A and F

62
Q

Fowl choldera aka

A

avian pasteurellosis

63
Q

Describe Fowl Cholera

A

common avian disease
acute sepricemia that is often fatal

64
Q

Which species of bird are more susceptible to fowl cholera?

A

turkeys > chickens
waterfowl
mostly adult birds (worldwide)

65
Q

Transmission of gowl cholera

A

asymptomatic carriers
chronically infected birds
contaiminated equipment
wild birds
rodents may act as reservoirs
direct and indirect contact with excretions and secretions

66
Q

Clinical Signs of Fowl Cholera

A

septicemia
high mortality and morbidity
paracute/acute: sudden death, septicemic lesions
chronic: depression, inappetence, green diarrhea, weight loss, riffled feathers, oral and nasal discharge, swelling, discoloration and necrosis of wattles, sternal bursae and joints, torticollis

67
Q

Diagnosis of acute septicemic fowl cholera

A

bipolar staining organisms in blood smears
P. multocida isolated from blood, bone marrow, liver and spleen
ELISA, agar diffusion tests, serum plate agglutination

68
Q

Diagnosis of chronic fowl cholera

A

organism may be difficult to isolate
ELISA, agar diffusion tests, serum plate agglutination

69
Q

Prevention and Control of fowl cholera

A

medication of feed a/o water early in an outbreak
confine sick birds
vaccines: polyvalent adjuvant bacterins, autogenous vaccines, modified live vaccines
improved management

70
Q

Causative agent of Snuffles in rabbits

A

P. multocida type A
Bordetella bonchiseptica

71
Q

Describe Snuffles in Rabbits

A

common, recurring disease resulting in purulent rhinitis

72
Q

Predisposing Factors for Snuffles in rabbits

A

stress
overcrowding
poor ventilation
co-infections

73
Q

Transmission of Snuffles

A

highly contagious
direct transmission
aerosolization

74
Q

Clinical Signs of Snuffles

A

purulent nasal discharge
sneezing
coughing
conjunctivitis
otitis media
subcutaneous abscessation
bronchopneumonia (young rabbits)

75
Q

Diagnosis of Snuffles

A

clinical signs
culture and serotyping

76
Q

Treatment of Snuffles

A

antibiotics
supportive care
eliminate stress factors

77
Q

Is there a vaccine for Snuffles?

A

NO

78
Q

Where is Bibersteinia trehalosi found?

A

normal flora of the tonsils and nasopharynx of ruminants - mostly sheep

79
Q

What disease conditions are associated with Bibersteinia trehalosi infections?

A

septicemia and respiratory disease

80
Q

What are the predisposing factors associated with Bibersteinia trehalosi infections?

A

stress
bacterial and viral agents

81
Q

Virulence factors of Bibersteinia trehalosi

A

endotoxin
leukotoxin
capsular polysaccharides
adhesins

82
Q

Clinical Signs of Bibersteinia trehalosi

A

fever, listessness, loss of appetite, fever
sudden death in young sheep
fibro-necrotic oneumonia
infection may be localized in joints, uddder, meninges

83
Q

Diagnosis of Bibersteinia trehalosi

A

sudden death
clinical signs
post moterm findings: enlargement of tonsils, oharynx, oesophagus and peracute, multifocal, embolic, necrotizing lesions in the lung and liver

84
Q

Treatment of Bibersteinia trehalosi

A

antibiotic treatments are only successful if begun very early
strains vary in their susceptibility

84
Q

Control and prevention of Bibersteinia trehalosi

A

vaccination

85
Q

General characteristics of Mannheimia haemolytica

A

small gram-neg rods
facultative anaerobe
grows on MAC
oxidase pos
non-motile
hemolytic

85
Q

Where is Mannheimia haemolytica commonly found?

A

commensal of the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract - cattle and sheep
resides in the tonsillar crypts
opportunistic

86
Q

What is considered to be the main bacterial agent in bovine respiratory disease complex?

A

Mannheimia haemolytica

87
Q

Common diseases caused by Mannheimia haemolytica

A

shipping fever in young cattle
enzootic pneumonia of calves - dairy cattle
occasionally mastitis in cattle
septicemia and enzootic pneumonia in young sheep
necrotizing ovine mastitis

88
Q

Predisposing factors to Mannheimia haemolytica infection

A

stress
co-infection
castration, de-horning, weaning
transportation
mixing, overcrowding
nutritional changes

89
Q

Transmission of Mannheimia haemolytica

A

endogenous transmission: opportunistic pathogen
exogenous transmission: from environment, direct contact, indirect transmission

90
Q

Post-mortem findings of Mannheinmia haemolytica

A

marbling of the lungs, especially cranio-central lobes
hemmorhage/coagulation necrosis in lobules
onterlobular septae are distended with fibrin rich exudate
brochioles are obstructed with exudate
neutrophils, macrophages and fibrin accumulate in alveoli

90
Q

Speciment collection - Mannheimia haemolytica

A

live animals: tracheobronchial aspirates, bronchioalveolar lavage, nasal swabs
necropsy: lung tissue
milk
blood

91
Q

Mannheimia haemolytica virulence factors

A

capsule
adhesins: Omp A and Lipoprotein 1
endotoxin: lipid A
leukotoxin
iron regulated proteins

91
Q

Diagnosis of Mannheimia haemolytica

A

history
PE
necropsy findings
leukotoxin neutralization assay
anti-leukotoxin ELISA
culture
fluorescent antibody tests
IHC
PCR

92
Q

Treatment of Mannheimia haemolytica

A

antibiotic therapy early

93
Q

Prevent and control of Mannheimia haemolytica

A

disease management
vaccines

94
Q

What is the normal habitat of Haemophilus spp?

A

commensal of mucous membranes of URT and lower genital tracts

95
Q

What are the growth requirement factors for Haemophilus spp?

A

X factor (haemin)
V factor (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)

96
Q

Glaesserella parasuis general characteristics

A

short gram neg rods

97
Q

What disease is caused by Glaesserella parasuis?

A

Glasser’s disease in pigs

98
Q

At what ages are pigs affected by Glaesserella parasuis?

A

from weaning up to about 12 weeks old

99
Q

Virulence factors of Glaesserella parasuis

A

capsule
adhesins and fimbria
biofirms
lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS)
outer membrane proteins
iron acquisition mechanisms

100
Q

What is LOS

A

lighter form of LPS

101
Q

How is Glasser’s disease transmitted?

A

sows are reservoirs
piglets are colonized during suckling

102
Q

Pathogenesis of Glaesserella parasuis

A

invade endothelial cells
avoid complement mediated killing

103
Q

Clinical signs of Glasser’s disease

A

anorexia, pyrexia, lamnesess, recumbancy and convulsions
polyserositis
arthitis
pneumonia
mild memnigitis
sudden death

104
Q

Differentials for Glasser’s Disease (Glaesserella parasuis)

A

Streptococcus suis
E. coli
Mycoplasama hyorhinis
Samonella enteria serotype Choleraesuis

105
Q

Clinical Specimens taken to diagnose Glasser’s disease

A

joint fluid, heart blood, CSF, post-mortem tissues
NOTE: keep on dry ice

106
Q

What agar is used to culture Glaesserella parasuis? Under what conditions?

A

Chocolate agar
5-10% CO2 at 37C for 2-3 days

107
Q

Treatment of Glasser’s disease

A

parenteral antibiotic therapy ASAP given at high doses

108
Q

Prevention of Glasser’s disease

A

proper management
vaccination (bacterins)

109
Q

Histophilus somni general characteristics

A

gram neg
pleomorphic
facultative anaerobe
non-motile

110
Q

Is Histophilus somni part of the Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex?

A

YES

111
Q

What age of cattle are most affected by Histophilus somni?

A

young growing cattle aged 6-12 months

112
Q

Clinical signs of Histophilus somni

A

acute, often fatal
depression, recumbency, fever, anorexia, blindness
pericarditis, myocarditis, pneumonia
brain lesions: multifocal, dark-red areas of hemorrhagic necorsis
herd infertility

113
Q

Virulence factors of Histophilus somni

A

adhesins
induction of apoptosis
LOS
inhibit destruction by phagocytes
histamine and hemolysin production
iron uptake

114
Q

Pathogenesis of Histophilus somni

A

thrombus formation - causing TME
occlusion of blood vessels
cellular death - formation of necrotic sequestrum
clinical signs associated with extent of organ involvement: TME, BRCD, myocarditis, polysynovitis, otitis media, mastitis and reproductive tract diseases

115
Q

Specimens used for diagnosis of Histophilus somni

A

blood, CSF, joint and pleural fluids, brain, liver, and kidney (post-mortem)

116
Q

Diagnosis of Histophilus somni

A

culture and iolation on BA, 10% CO2
variable hemolysis
NO Growth on MAC
serology
IHC
post-mortem histologic lesions

117
Q

Treatment of Histophilus somni

A

isolation
antibiotics in early stages

118
Q

Prevention of Histophilus somni

A

avoid stressful conditions
proper management
vaccination

119
Q

Histopholus ovis host

A

sheep

120
Q

Diseases caused by histophilus ovis

A

edididymitis in young rams
vulvitis, mastitis, reduced reproductive performance in ewes
septicemia, arthritis, meningitis and pneumonia in lambs

121
Q

Avibacterium spp general characteristics

A

gram neg
facultatively anaerobic
rod shaped

122
Q

What is the infectious agent of coryza in chickens?

A

Avibacterium paragallinarum

123
Q

Describe infectious coryza

A

affects the upper respiratory tract and paranasal sinuses
chickens become susceptible about 4 weeks after hatching

124
Q

How is Coryza in chickens transmitted?

A

carried by chronically ill or clinically normal carrier birds
transmitted via direct contact, aerosols, contaminated water

125
Q

Clinical Signs of Coryza in chickens

A

mild: depression, serious nasal discharge, mild facial swelling
severe: swelling of the infraorbital sinuses, conjunctivitis, eye closure, swollen wattles, delayed or reduced egg production

126
Q

What specimens are taken to diagnose Coryza in chickens?

A

nasal discharge
sinus aspirate

127
Q

How is Coryza in chickens diagnosed?

A

culture and cofirmation with biochemical tests
requires V factor
PCR

128
Q

Differentials for Avibacterium paragallinarum

A

Avibacterium gallinarum
P. multocida type A

129
Q

Treatment for Coryza in chickens

A

medicate drinking water with sulphonamindes or oxytetracycline early in outbreak

130
Q

Control of Coryza in chickens

A

all-in/all-out management policy
good management
vaccination

Bacteriology (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions