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Comparative > Equine Osteology: Skull & Cervical Vertebrae (22) > Flashcards

Equine Osteology: Skull & Cervical Vertebrae (22) Flashcards

Dr. Nader

1
Q

What bone is this?

A

incisive bone

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2
Q

What does the incisive bone contain?

A

alveoli for upper incisors

palatine process

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3
Q

What is a modification of the horse palatine process compared to the dog?

A

horses have an opening in the palatine process and therefore do not have the same suction capacity

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4
Q

What bone is this?

A

nasal bone

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5
Q

What is this called?

A

nasoincisive notch

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6
Q

What is the function of the nasoincisive notch in the horse?

A

funnel air into the nostrils

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7
Q

Where is the nasoincisive notch located?

A

between nasal bone and incisive bone

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8
Q

What bone is this?

A

maxillary

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9
Q

What does the maxillary bone contain?

A

alveoli for cheek teeth

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10
Q

What bone is this? Is it palpable?

A

facial crest - yes

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11
Q

What bone is this? Is it palpable?

A

infraorbital foramen - yes

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12
Q

What is this?

A

maxillary foramen

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13
Q

What is this?

A

palatine

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14
Q

What bone is this?

A

zygomatic

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15
Q

Label 1-2

A
  1. temporal process (of zygomatic)
  2. zygomatic arch
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16
Q

What bone is this?

A

frontal bone

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17
Q

What is the function of the frontal bone?

A

houses the cranium

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18
Q

What is this? Is it palpable?

A

supraorbital foramen - yes

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19
Q

What structure is this person palpating?

A

supraorbital foramen

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20
Q

What bone is this?

A

lacrimal bone

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21
Q

Which bones form the orbit in the horse?

A

frontal
temporal
zygomatic
lacrimal

22
Q

Which bones form the cranium and house the brain?

A

frontal
occipital
parietal
temporal

23
Q

What bone is this?

A

temporal bone

24
Q

What is this?

A

mandibular fossa

25
Q

The ______ process is by the base of the skull

A

condylar

26
Q

What is this?

A

external acoustic meatus

27
Q

What is this?

A

styloid process

28
Q

Label 1-4

A
  1. frontal bone
  2. parietal bone
  3. temporal bone
  4. occipital bone
29
Q

What bone is this?

A

occipital bone

30
Q

What is this?

A

foramen magnum

31
Q

What is this?

A

external occipital protuberance

32
Q

Label 1-2

A
  1. basisphenoid (forms ventral aspect of cranium)
  2. occipital condyles
33
Q

What is this?

A

nuchal crest

34
Q

What bone is this?

A

parietal bone

35
Q

What is this?

A

ramus of mandible

36
Q

What is the significance of the coronoid processes?

A

surround cranium of horse’s head

help close muscles for mastication (pterygoid mm., masseter m., temporal m.)

37
Q

What is this?

A

coronoid processes

38
Q

What is this?

A

condyloid processes

39
Q

Condylar processes are with the _____ and articulate with the base of the skull

A

TMJ

40
Q

What is this? What innervation?

A

mandibular foramen

V3 - innervation to all cheek teeth

41
Q

What is this? What does it provide innervation to?

A

mental foramen
provides innervation to the face

42
Q

What is this?

A

vascular notch

43
Q

Almost all mammals have ___ cervical vertebrae

A

7

44
Q

What is the location of the cervical vertebrae in the horse?

A

ventral half of the neck from the mid-caudal neck

widest portion of the neck

45
Q

What bone is this? Label 1-2. Is it palpable?

A

atlas vertebrae (C1)

  1. alar foramen
  2. lateral vertebral foramen

yes

46
Q

What are diagnostics for atlas vertebrae?

A

myelogram

CSF sampling

47
Q

What bone is this? Label 1-2. Is it palpable?

A

axis (C2)

  1. dens
  2. lateral vertebral foramen

no

48
Q

What is the significance of C6 in horses?

A

common site for cervical vertebral malformation
“sled runners”

49
Q

What are the parts of the nuchal ligament?

A

funicular part
laminar part

50
Q

What is the clinical sign for equine metabolic syndrome?

A

cresty neck

51
Q

Label the hyoid apparatus from dorsal to ventral

A

typmpanohyoid
stylohyoid
epihyoid
ceratohyoid
basihyoid
thyrohyoid

Comparative (37 decks)

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