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HQ Unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Present Indicative Passive

A

To form the present indicative passive, add the following endings to the present tense stem:
-ομαι - I am being ___/I am ____
-ῃ/-ει (Homer -εσαι) - You are being ___/You are ___
-εται - He/she/it is being ____/is ____
-ομεθα - We are being ____/We are ____
-εσθε - You all are being ____/You all are ___
-ονται - They are being ___/They are ____

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2
Q

Present Indicative Passive of λυω

A

λυομαι - I am being freed/destroyed
λυῃ/λυει - You are being freed/destroyed
λυεται - He/she/it is being freed
λυομεθα - We are being freed/destroyed
λυεσθε - You all are being freed/destroyed
λυονται - They are being freed/destroyed

Also, can be am/is/are freed/destroyed (habitually)

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3
Q

Imperfect Indicative Passive

A

To form the imperfect indicative passive, prefix the past indicative augment to the present tense term. To the augmented present tense stem add the following endings:
-ομην - I was being/used to be
-ου (Homer -εσο) - You were being/used to be
-ετο - He/she/it was being/used to be
-ομεθα - We were being/used to be
-εσθε - You all were being/used to be
-οντο - They all were being/used to be

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4
Q

Imperfect Indicative Passive - λυω

A

ελυομην - I was being freed/used to be freed
ελυου - You were being freed/used to be freed
ελυετο - He/she/it was being freed/used to be freed
ελυομεθα - We were being freed/used to be freed
ελυεσθε - You all were being freed/used to be freed
ελυοντο - They were being freed/used to be freed

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5
Q

Present Subjunctive Passive

A

To form the present subjunctive passive, add the following endings to the present tense stem:
-ωμαι
-ῃ
-ηται
-ωμεθα
-ησθε
-ωνται

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6
Q

Present Subjunctive Passive - λυω

A

λυωμαι
λυῃ
λυηται
λυωμεθα
λυησθε
λυωνται

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7
Q

Present Optative Passive

A

To form the present optative passive, add the following endings to the present tense stem:
-οιμην
-οιο
-οιτο
-οιμεθα
-οισθε
-οιντο

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8
Q

Present Optative Passive - λυω

A

λυοιμην
λυοιο
λυοιτο
λυοιμεθα
λυοισθε
λυοιντο

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9
Q

Present Infinitive Passive

A

To form the present infinitive passive, add tot he present tense stem the ending -εσθαι
-to be being ____/to be ____

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10
Q

Present Infinitive Passive - λυω

A

λυεσθαι - to be being freed/destroyed; to be freed/destroyed

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11
Q

Aorist Indicative Passive

A

To form the aorist indicative passive, drop the ending -ην from Principal Part 6. There remain the past indicative augment ἐ- and the aorist passive tense stem. To the augmented aorist passive tense stem add the following endings:
-ην - I was ____
-ης - You were ____
-η - He/she/it was ___
-ημεν - We were ____
-ητε - You all were ____
-ησαν - They were ____

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12
Q

Aorist Indicative Passive - λυω

A

ἐλύθην - I was freed/destroyed
ἐλύθης - You were freed/destroyed
ἐλύθη - He/she/it was freed/destroyed
ἐλύθημεν - We were freed/destroyed
ἐλύθητε - You all were freed/destroyed
ἐλύθησαν - They were freed/destroyed

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13
Q

Aorist Subjunctive Passive

A

To form the aorist subjunctive passive, add the subjunctive active endings to the unaugmented aorist passive tense stem, which is obtained by dropping the past indicative augment and the ending -ην from Principal Part 6:
-ῶ
-ῇς
-ῇ
-ῶμεν
-ῆτε
-ῶσι(ν)

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14
Q

Aorist Subjunctive Passive - λυω

A

λυθῶ
λυθῇς
λυθῇ
λυθῶμεν
λυθῆτε
λυθῶσιν

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15
Q

Aorist Optative Passive

A

To form the aorist optative passive, add the following endings to the unaugmented aorist passive tense stem:
-ειην
-ειης
-ειη
-εῖμεν/-ειημεν
-εῖτε/-ειητε
-εῖεν/-ειησαν

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16
Q

Aorist Optative Passive - λυω

A

λυθειην
λυθειης
λυθειη
λυθεῖμεν/λυθειημεν
λυθεῖτε/λυθειητε
λυθεῖεν/λυθειησαν

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17
Q

Aorist Infinitive Passive

A

To form the aorist infinitive passive, add to the unaugmented aorist passive tense stem the ending -ῆναι.
- to be ____

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18
Q

Future Indicative Passive

A

To form the future indicative passive, to the unaugmented aorist passive tense stem add the suffix -ησ- to form the future passive tense stem. To the future passive tense stem add the same endings as thsoe used in the present indicative passive.
-ησομαι - I shall be ___/I shall be being ___
-ησει/-ησῃ - You will be ___/You will be being ___
-ησεται - He/she/it will be ___/will be being ___
-ησομεθα - We shall be ___/shall be being ___
-ησεσθε - You will be ___/will be being ___
-ησονται - They will be ___/will be being ___

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19
Q

Future Indicative Passive - λυω

A

λυθησομαι
λυθησει/λυθησῃ
λυθησεται
λυθησομεθα
λυθησεσθε
λυθησονται

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20
Q

Perfect Indicative Passive

A

To form the perfect indicative passive, obtain the perfect passive tense stem by dropping the ending -μαι from Principal Part 5. To the perfect passive tense stem add the following endings:
-μαι
-σαι
-ται
-μεθα
-σθε
-νται

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21
Q

Perfect Indicative Passive - λυω

A

λελυμαι
λελυσαι
λελυται
λελυμεθα
λελυσθε
λελυνται

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22
Q

Pluperfect Indicative Passive

A

To form the pluperfect indicative passive, prefix the past indicative augment to the perfect passive tense stem. To the augmented perfect passive tense stem add the following endings:
-μην - I had been ___
-σο - You had been ___
-το - He/she/it had been ___
-μεθα - We had been ___
-σθε - You had been ___
-ντο - They had been ___

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23
Q

Pluperfect Indicative Passive - λυω

A

ελελυμην - I had been freed/destroyed
ελελυσο - You had been freed/destroyed
ελελυτο - He/she/it had been freed/destroyed
ελελυμεθα - We had been freed/destroyed
ελελυσθε - You all had been freed/destroyed
ελελυντο - They had been freed/destroyed

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24
Q

Perfect Infinitive Passive

A

To form the perfect infinitive passive, add to the perfect passive tense stem the ending -σθαι

25
Q

Consonant Stems: Perfective Indicative Passive of Consonant Stems -μμαι (γέγραμμαι and πεπεμμαι)

A

γέγραμμαι
γεγραψαι
γεγραπται
γεγραμμεθα
γεγραφθε
***

πεπεμμαι
πεπεμψαι
πεπεμπται
πεπεμμεθα
πεπεμφθε
***

26
Q

Consonant Stems: Perfective Indicative Passive of Consonant Stems -γμαι and -σμαι (πεφυλαγμαι and κεκελευσμαι)

A

πεφυλαγμαι
πεφυλαξαι
πεφυλακται
πεφυλαγμεθα
πεφυλαχθε
***

κεκελευσμαι
κεκελευσαι
κεκελευσται
κεκελευσμεθα
κεκελευσθε
***

27
Q

Pluperfect Indicative Passive of Consonant Stems

A

Exactly the same changes occur in the pluperfect indicative passive of consonant stems as in the perfect indicative passive.

28
Q

Perfect Infinitive Passive of Consonant Stems

A

γεγραφθαι
πεπεμφθαι
πεφυλαχθαι
κεκελευσθαι

29
Q

Genitive of Personal Agent

A

With most passive verbs,t he personal agent, i.e., the person by whom the action of the verb is performed, is expressed by the preposition ὑπό + genitive.

30
Q

Dative of Personal Agent witht he Perfect and Pluperfect Passive

A

With the perfect and the pluperfect tenses, the personal agent is expressed by the dative case without any preposition.

ὁ λόγος Ὁμήρῳ γέγραπται.
The speech has been written by Homer.
ὁ πόλεμος τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπέπαυτο.
The war had been stopped by the soldiers.

31
Q

Substantive Use of the Adjective

A

Where the noun had a general meaning, Greek often left the noun out and let the adjective stand as a noun.

32
Q

Substantive Use of the Article

A

Since the definite article ahs gender, number, and case, it can, accompanied by an adverb, prepositional phrase, or other modifier, be used as a substantive: its gender and number indicate the person(s) or thing(s) named, and its case shows its relationship to the rest of the sentence.

When two articles used as substantives are contrasted by μεν and δε, they can be translated by “the one…, the other,” “some …, others”

With a substantive use of an adjective or the article the negative ου is used for specific substantives, μη for generic substantives.

33
Q

The Articular Infinitive

A

The infinitive is accompanied by a neuter singular form of the definite article to indicate the infinitive’s case. Best translated by the English gerund.

το γράφειν - to be writing, to write, writing
τοῦ γράφειν - of writing
τῷ γράφειν - by writing
το γράφειν - writing

The negative is μη

34
Q

ἄργυρος

A

ἄργυρος, ἀργύρου, ὁ - silver

35
Q

ἀργύριον

A

ἀργύριον, ἀργυρίου, τό - small coin, money

36
Q

ἄρχω - 6 principal parts and meaning

A

ἄρχω, ἄρξω, ἦρξα, ἦρχα, ἦργμαι, ἤρχθην - rule, command (+ gen)

37
Q

βλάπτω - 6 principal parts and meaning

A

βλάπτω, βλάψω, ἔβλαψα, βέβλαφα, βέβλαμμαι, ἐβλάβην or ἐβλάφθην - hurt, harm

38
Q

γῆ

A

γῆ, γῆς, ἡ - earth, land

39
Q

διδάσκαλος

A

διδάσκαλος, διδασκάλου, ὁ - teacher

40
Q

δόξα

A

δόξα, δόξης, ἡ - expectation, belief; reputation, glory

41
Q

θάνατος

A

θάνατος, θανάτου, ὁ - death

42
Q

ἀθάνατος

A

ἀθάνατος, ἀθάνατον - undying, immortal

43
Q

ἱερός

A

ἱερός, ἱερά, ἱερόν - holy, sacred to (+ gen)

44
Q

ἱερόν

A

ἱερόν, ἱεροῦ, τό - shrine

45
Q

ἱκανός

A

ἱκανός, ἱκανή, ἱκανόν - sufficient, capable

46
Q

ἵππος

A

ἵππος, ἵππου, ὁ or ἡ - horse, mare

47
Q

κίνδυνος

A

κίνδυνος, κινδύνου, ὁ - danger

48
Q

λίθος

A

λίθος, λίθου, ὁ - stone

49
Q

μακρός

A

μακρός, μακρά, μακρόν - long, tall

50
Q

μικρός

A

μικρός, μικρά, μικρόν - small, little, short

51
Q

πεδίον

A

πεδίον, πεδίου, τό - plain

52
Q

πείθω - 6 principal parts and meaning

A

πείθω, πείσω, ἔπεισα, πέπεικα, πέπεισμαι, ἐπείσθην - persuade

53
Q

πολέμοις

A

πολέμοις, πολεμία, πολέμιον - hostile (+dative)

54
Q

πράττω - 6 principal parts and meaning

A

πράττω, πράξω, ἔπραξα, πέπραχα (trans) or πέπραγα (intrans), πέπραγμαι, ἐπράχθην - do; fare

55
Q

πρῶτος

A

πρῶτος, πρώτη, πρῶτον - first

56
Q

ὑπό
(+ genitive)
(+ dat)
(+ acc)

A

+ gen = by (personal agent); under
+ dat = under, under the power of
+ acc = under (with motion); toward (of time)

57
Q

φόβος

A

φόβος, φόβου, ὁ - fear

58
Q

φοβερός (adj)

A

φοβερός, φοβερά, φοβερόν - fearful

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