HQ Unit 6 Flashcards
Third-Declension Nouns: Consonant Stems - Endings
M/F N
Nom: ____ _____
Gen: -ος -ος
Dat: -ι -ι
Acc: -α, -ν ___
Voc: ___ ____
Nom: -ες -α
Gen: -ων -ων
Dat: -σι(ν) -σι(ν)
Acc: -ας -α
In the accusative singular, almost all masculine and feminine nouns with consonant stems employ the ending -α. But nouns whose stems end in -ιτ, -ιδ, or ιθ, and which do not accent this iota, drop the final consonant from the stem and employ the ending -ν.
φύλαξ
φύλαξ, φύλακος, ὁ - guard
φύλαξ
φύλακος
φύλακι
φύλακα
φύλαξ
φύλακες
φυλάκων
φύλαξι(ν)
φύλακας
αἴξ
αἴξ, αἰγός, ὁ or ἡ - goat
αἴξ
αἰγός
αἰγι
αἰγα
αἴξ
αἴγες
αἰγῶν
αἰξί(ν)
αἶγας
ἐλπίς
ἐλπίς, ἐλπίδος, ἡ - hope
ἐλπίς
ἐλπίδος
ἐλπίδι
ἐλπίδα
ἐλπί
ἐλπίδες
ἐλπίδων
ἐλπίσι(ν)
ἐλπίδας
χάρις
χάρις, χάριτος, ἡ - grace
χάρις
χάριτος
χάριτι
χάριν
χάρι
χάριτες
χαρίτων
χάρισι(ν)
χάριτας
σῶμα
σῶμα, σώματος, τό - body
σῶμα
σώματος
σώματι
σῶμα
σῶμα
σώματα
σωμάτων
σώμασι(ν)
σώματα
The Relative Pronoun - description
The relative pronoun refers to an antecedent in the independent clause and always has the same gender and the same number as that antecedent. But the case of the relative pronoun depends entirely on its grammatical function within the dependent clause.
The Relative Pronoun - Masculine
ὁς
οὗ
ᾧ
ὅν
οἵ
ὧν
οἷς
οὕς
The Relative Pronoun - Feminine
ἥ
ἧς
ᾗ
ἥν
αἵ
ὧν
αἷς
ἅς
The Relative Pronoun - Neuter
ὅ
οὗ
ᾧ
ὅ
ἅ
ὧν
οἷς
ἅ
Independent Subjunctive: Hortatory Subjunctive
παύωμεν τὴν μάχην
παύσωμεν τὴν μάχην
μὴ παύωμεν τὴν μάχην
The first person of the present or aorist subjunctive can express emphatically the will of the speaker. Its negation is μή .
Translation formula: let us (let me)
Let us stop the battle.
Let us stop the battle.
Let us not stop the battle.
Independent Subjunctive: Deliberative Subjunctive
παύωμεν τὴν μάχην;
παύσωμεν τὴν μάχην;
ἄγγελον μὴ πέμπω;
The first person of the present or aorist subjunctive can express, in a question, the speaker’s uncertainty about what he or she is to do. Its negation is μή.
Translation formula: Am I to/are we to
Are we to be stopping the battle?
Are we to stop the battle?
Am I not to be send a messenger?
Independent Subjunctive: Prohibitive Subjunctive
μὴ παύσητε τὴν μάχην
μὴ πέμψῃς τὸν ἄγγελον
With the negative μή the second person of the aorist subjunctive (but NOT the present subjunctive) expresses a prohibition.
Translation formula: Do not.
Do not stop the battle
Do not send the messenger
Independent Subjunctive in a Future More Vivid Conditional Sentence
ἐὰν εὖ πράξωμεν, μὴ πέμψῃς τὸν ἄγγελον
ἐὰν εὖ πράξωμεν, πέμψωμεν τὸν ἄγγελον
Any independent subjunctive can be used instead of a future indicative in the apodosis of a future more vidid conditional sentence
If we fare well, do not send the messenger
If we fair well, let us send the messenger
Partitive Genitive
ἕξ τῶν ὁπλιτῶν ἐπέμφθησαν
τοὺς ἀδίκους τῶν πολιτῶν εἰς τὰς νήσους πέμψετε
Cannot be in the attributive position.
Six of the hoplites were sent.
You will send the unjust ones of the citizens to the islands.
Genitive of Time Within Which
τῆς ἡμέρας τοὺς νεανίας ἐδιδάξαμεν
τῆς πρώτης ἡμέρας ὁπλίτας ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ τάξομεν
ἕξ ἡμερῶν διδάξει τοὺς νεανίας ὁ Ὅμηρος
The genitive case without a preposition can also indicate the span of time within which an event occurred, occurs, or will occur.
During the day we taught the young men.
We will station the hoplites in the marketplace during the first day.
Homer will teach the young men within six days.
Dative of Time At Which
τῇ πρώτῃ ἡμέρᾳ ὁπλίτας ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ τάξομεν.
The dative case is employed, without a preposition, to indicate the point in time at which an event occurred, occurs, or will occur.
On the first day we will station hoplites in the market place.
Accusative of Extent/Length of Time
πέντε ἡμέρας τοὺς νεανίας διδάξομεν.
ἕξ ἡμέρας τοὺς νεανίας ἐδιδάσκομεν.
The accusative case is employed, without a preposition, to indicate the length in time of an event in the past, present, or future.
