HQ Unit 7 grammar

Question 1

Middle Voice - General

Answer 1

The middle voice and the passive voice have identical forms in all the moods in the present, imperfect, perfect, and pluperfect tenses, and in the present and perfect infinitives. The middle voice has forms different from those of the passive in the future indicative and in all the moods and in the infinitive of the aorist tense.

For middle/passive verbs, the context usually makes clear which of the two voices the verb is in. Fo rexample, the passive will often be accompanied by a genitive of personal agent; the middle voice can take a direct object, but the passive voice cannot do so.

Question 2

Future Indicative Middle

Answer 2

To form the future indicative middle, to the future active and middle tense stem (Principal Part 2) add the same endings as in the present indicative middle/passive:

λυσομαι
λυσῃ/λυσει
λυσεται
λυσόμεθα
λυσεσθε
λυσονται

Question 3

Aorist Indicative Middle

Answer 3

To form the aorist indicative middle, to the augmented aorist active and middle tense stem (Principal Part 3) add the following endings:

-αμην
-ω
-ατο
-αμεθα
-ασθε
-αντο

Question 4

Aorist Indicative Middle of λυω

Answer 4

ελυσαμην
ελυσω
ελυσατο
ελυσαμεθα
ελυσασθε
ελυσαντο

Question 5

Aorist Subjunctive Middle (of λυω)

Answer 5

To form the aorist subjunctive middle, add the endings of the present subjunctive middle/passive to the unaugmented aorist active and middle tense stem (Principal PArt 3):

λυσωμαι
λυσῃ
λυσηται
λυσωμεθα
λυσησθε
λυσωνται

Question 6

Aorist Optative Middle

Answer 6

To form the aorist optative middle, add the following endings to the unaugmented aorist active and middle tense stem:

-αιμην
-αιο
-αιτο
-αιμεθα
-αισθε
-αιντο

Question 7

Aorist Optative Middle of λυω

Answer 7

λυσαιμην
λυσαιο
λυσαιτο
λυσαιμεθα
λυσαισθε
λυσαιντο

Question 8

Aorist Infinitive Middle

Answer 8

To form the aorist infinitive middle, to the unaugmented aorist active and middle tense stem add the ending -ασθαι

Question 9

Aorist Infinitive Middle of λυω

Answer 9

λυσασθαι - to free/dissolve/destroy for oneself

Question 10

Middle Voice of Verbs Seen Thus Far: ἄρχομαι + gen

Answer 10

begin

Question 11

Middle Voice of Verbs Seen Thus Far: γράφομαι

Answer 11

note down, cause to be written; indict

Question 12

Middle Voice of Verbs Seen Thus Far: διδάσκομαι

Answer 12

cause (someone) to be taught

Question 13

Middle Voice of Verbs Seen Thus Far: θύομαι

Answer 13

cause a sacrifice to be made, consult the gods

Question 14

Middle Voice of Verbs Seen Thus Far: λύομαι

Answer 14

unbind (one’s own or for oneself), cause someone to be freed, ransom

Question 15

Middle Voice of Verbs Seen Thus Far: παιδεύομαι

Answer 15

cause someone to be educated or taught

Question 16

Middle Voice of Verbs Seen Thus Far: παύομαι

Answer 16

stop (oneself), cease (intransitive)

Question 17

Middle Voice of Verbs Seen Thus Far: πείθομαι + dative

Answer 17

persuade oneself, obey

Question 18

Middle Voice of Verbs Seen Thus Far: τάττομαι

Answer 18

fall into order of battle

Question 19

Middle Voice of Verbs Seen Thus Far: φυλάττομαι

Answer 19

guard someone for one’s own protection, be on guard against

Question 20

Second Aorist Active and Middle - λείπω, λείψω, ἔλιπον, λέλοιπα, λέλειμμαι, ἐλείφθην

Answer 20

Only in the aorist active and middle does this verb employ endings different from the first aorist. The aorist passive all verbs is formed in the same way from Principal Part 6.

Question 21

Second Aorist Indicative Active and Middle

Answer 21

To the augmented (second) aorist active and middle tense stem add the endings employed to form the imperfect indicative active and middle.

Active - Middle
ἔλιπον - ἐλιπόμην
ἔλιπες - ἐλίπου
ἔλιπεν - ἐλίπετο
ἐλίπομεν - ἐλιπόμεθα
ἐλίπετε - ἐλίπεσθε
ἐλιπον - ἐλίποντο

Question 22

Second Aorist Subjunctive Active and Middle

Answer 22

To form the second aorist subjunctive active and middle, add to the unaugmented aorist active and middle tense stem (Principal Part 3) the endings employed to form the present subjunctive active and middle/passive:

λίπω - λίπωμαι
λίπῃς - λίπῃ
λίπῃ - λίπηται
λίπωμεν - λιπώμεθα
λίπητε - λίπησθε
λίπωσιν - λίπωνται

Question 23

Second Aorist Optative Active and Middle

Answer 23

To form the second aorist optative active and middle, add to the unaugmented aorist active and middle tense stem the endings employed to form the present optative active and middle

λίοιμι - λιποίμην
λίποις - λίποιο
λίποι - λίποιτο
λίποιμεν - λιποίμεθα
λίποιτε - λίποισθε
λίποιεν - λίποιντο

Question 24

Second Aorist Infinitive Active and Middle

Answer 24

To form the second aorist infinitive active and middle, add to the unaugmented aorist active and middle tense stem the endings -εῖν and -έσθαι.

Question 25

Optative of Wish

Answer 25

An independent optative, without any introductory word or introduced by εἰ γάρ or εἴθε, expresses the speaker’s wish, hope, or prayer for the future.

May/if only/I wish that

Question 26

Potential Optative

Answer 26

An independent optative without any introductory word but with the particle ἄν indicates that an action might possibly occur.

may/might/could/would

Question 27

Demonstrative Adjective/Pronoun - ἐκεῖνος, ἐκείνη, ἐκεῖνο,

Answer 27

“that”/”those”

Question 28

Conditional Sentences with Relatives Protases

Answer 28

The protasis of a conditional sentence can be introduced by a form of the relative pronoun.

Question 29

Adverbs

Answer 29

Most adjectives form adverbs by adding the ending -ως to the stem found by dropping the ending of the masculine genitive singular.