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GI - 2 > 17-3 -- Stomach part 2 > Flashcards

17-3 -- Stomach part 2 Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

What are Hypertrophic Gastropathies?

A

Giant “cerebriform” enlargment of the rugal folds

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2
Q

Giant enlargement of the rugal folds?

A

Hypertrophic Gastropathies

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3
Q

What causes Hypertrophic Gastropathies?

A

Excessive growth factor release

= Epithelial hyperplasia without inflammation

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4
Q

What causes Hypertrophic Gastropathies?

A

Excessive growth factor release

= Epithelial hyperplasia without inflammation

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5
Q

Is inflammation present with Hypertrophic Gastropathies?

A

NO

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6
Q

2 types of Hypertrophic Gastropathies?

A

Menetrier Disease
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
= enlargement of rugal folds due to epithelial hyperplasia without inflmmation

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7
Q

2 types of Hypertrophic Gastropathies?

A

Menetrier Disease

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

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8
Q

Menetrier Disease involves excessive secretion of?

A

TGF-alpha

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9
Q

Menetrier Disease involves hyperplasia of what epithelial cells?

A

Mucous cells

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10
Q

What inflammatory cell infiltrate is seen with Menetrier Disease?

A

Lymphocytes

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11
Q

Symptoms and association for Menetrier Disease?

A
  • Associated with Adenocarcinoma

= Hypoproteinemia, weight loss, diarrhea

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12
Q

Blood symptoms of Menetrier Disease?

A

Hypoproteinemia

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13
Q

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome involves excessive secretion of?

A

Gastrin-secreting neuroendocrine tymors

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14
Q

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome involves hyperplasia of what epithelial cells?

A

Parietal cells

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15
Q

What inflammatory cell infiltrate is seen with Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome?

A

Neutrophils

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16
Q

Symptoms of Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome?

A

Peptic ulcers

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17
Q

2 types of Gastric Polyps?

A

Inflammatory and Hyperplastic polyps

Fundic Gland polyps

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18
Q

2 types of Gastric Polyps?

A

Inflammatory and Hyperplastic Polyps

Fundic Gland Polyps

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19
Q

What causes Inflammatory and Hyperplastic Gastric Polyps?

A

H.pylori and Chronic Gastritis

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20
Q

What can Inflammatory and Hyperplastic Gastric Polyps cause?

A

Adenocarcinoma

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21
Q

What causes Fundic Gland Polyps?

A

Sporadic
FAP - mutations in APC gene
PPIs

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22
Q

What causes Fundic Gland Polyps?

A

Sporadic
FAP - mutations in APC gene
PPIs

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23
Q

Symptoms of Fundic Gland Polyps?

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A

No symptoms or nausea

24
Q

4 common malignancies of the stomach?

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A

Adenocarcinoma
MALT lymphoma
Neuroendocrine/Carcinoid
GIST

25
4 common malignancies of the stomach?
Adenocarcinoma MALT lymphoma Neuroendocrine/Carcinoid GIST
26
2 types of Gastric Adenocarcinomas?
Intestinal type | Diffuse type
27
Intestinal type gastric adenocarcinoma forms?
Bulky masses that are glandular
28
Bulky, glandular masses are seen with what gastric adenocarcinoma type?
Intestinal
29
Diffuse type gastric adenocarcinoma forms?
Thickened gastric wall | - presence of signet cells
30
Thickened gastric wall with signet cells is seen with what gastric adenocarcinoma type?
Diffuse
31
What mutations are present with Intestinal type adenocarcinoma?
Increased WNT signaling and Beta-catenin | Decreased APC gene
32
What mutation is present with Diffuse type adenocarcinoma?
Loss of E-cadherin
33
What locations of the stomach are usually affected with gastric adenocarcinomas?
Lesser curvature and antrum
34
What precursor lesions are commonly present with gastric adenocarcinomas?
Gastric dysplasia | Gastric adenoma
35
This stomach malignancy is most common in japan, chile, costa rica?
Gastric Adenocarcinomas
36
What metastases are common with Gastric Adenocarcinomas?
``` Virchow's node Irish node (axilla) Krukenberg tumor (bilateral ovaries) ```
37
What causes MALT lymphomas?
H.pylori and chronic gastritis
38
What can cure MALT lymphomas?
Eradicating H.pylori
39
What translocation and result of that are common with MALT lymphomas?
t(11:18)(q21:q21) | = (+) NF-KB ==> B cell growth and survival
40
What translocation and result of that are common with MALT lymphomas?
t(11;18)(q21:q21) | = (+) NF-KB ==> B cell growth and survival
41
MALT lymphomas have a dense ____ infiltrate
Lymphocytic infiltrate
42
MALT lymphomas have a dense lymphocytic infiltrate. What does that create?
Lymphoepithelial lesions
43
What markers will be (+) with MALT lymphomas?
CD19, CD20, CD43 | - look similar to diffuse large b cell lymphomas
44
What symptoms are present with Neuroendocrine/Carcinoid neoplasms?
Flushing, sweating, bronchospasm | Right cardiac valvular fibrosis
45
A circumscribed yellow mass with salt and pepper chromatin is?
Neuroendocrine/Carcinoid neoplasm
46
What neoplasm (+) for synaptophysin, chromogranin and NSE?
Neuroendocrine/Carcinoid neoplasm
47
What 3 things do Neuroendocrine/Carcinoid neoplasms secrete?
Serotonin Substance P Polypeptide YY
48
Symptoms of Neuroendocrine/Carcinoid neoplasms?
Flushing, sweating, bronchospasm | Right cardiac valvular fibrosis
49
GIST
GI Stromal Tumor
50
What is the only mesenchymal GI tumor?
GIST
51
From what cells do GISTs arise?
Interstitial cells of Cajal
52
Interstitial cells of Cajal can give rise to?
GISTs
53
GISTs usually involve gain of function mutations in?
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase - KIT | PDGFRA
54
What should you treat GISTS with the usual mutations with?
Mutations in - KIT and PDGFRA | = Treat with Imatinib
55
Symptoms of GISTs?
Large masses, anemia, bleeding | - usually accidental discovery

GI - 2 (61 decks)

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