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17-PARAMYXOVIRUSES Flashcards

(101 cards)

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1
Q

Which parainfluenza virus type is the most prevalent and second only to respiratory syncytial virus in infants

A

Type 3

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2
Q

Which parainfluenza virus type infects about two thirds of infants during the first year

A

Type 3

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3
Q

Which parainfluenza virus type causes virtually all children to have antibodies by age 2

A

Type 3

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4
Q

Which parainfluenza virus type is endemic and present year-round

A

Type 3

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5
Q

Which parainfluenza virus type shows an increase in cases during spring

A

Type 3

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6
Q

Which parainfluenza virus types are less common than type 3

A

Types 1 and 2

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7
Q

Which parainfluenza virus types infect most children by age 5

A

Types 1 and 2

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8
Q

Which parainfluenza virus types have lower antibody levels compared to type 3

A

Types 1 and 2

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9
Q

Which parainfluenza virus types cause epidemics during fall and winter

A

Types 1 and 2

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10
Q

Which parainfluenza virus types are usually manifested as croup

A

Types 1 and 2

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11
Q

Which parainfluenza virus type is the most common cause of croup

A

Type 1

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12
Q

Which parainfluenza virus type is second in prevalence to respiratory syncytial virus in children under age 5

A

Type 3

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13
Q

Which parainfluenza virus type can cause severe infection and death in children

A

Type 3

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14
Q

Which parainfluenza virus types can cause serious pneumonia in adults requiring hospitalization

A

Type 1 + Type 3

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15
Q

Which serotype of parainfluenza virus may spread to lower trachea and bronchi causing pneumonia or bronchiolitis

A

Type 3

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16
Q

Which virus is a major cause of respiratory infection in all age groups

A

Paramyxoviruses

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17
Q

Which viruses are the most important agents of respiratory infections in infants and young children

A

Respiratory syncytial virus + Parainfluenza viruses

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18
Q

Which virus causes infection of the salivary glands known as parotitis

A

Mumps

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19
Q

Which virus causes generalized disease and skin rashes after entering the respiratory tract

A

Measles

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20
Q

Which virus is not a paramyxovirus but classified with them epidemiologically

A

Rubella

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21
Q

Which viruses are major respiratory pathogens in children younger than 5 years

A

Paramyxoviruses

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22
Q

Which family do all members initiate infection via the respiratory tract

A

Paramyxoviridae

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23
Q

Which infections are limited to the respiratory tract

A

Parainfluenza virus infections

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24
Q

Which viruses become disseminated and produce generalized disease

A

Measles + Mumps

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25
Which virus can cause complications involving the nervous system and pneumonia
Measles
26
Which viruses are ubiquitous and cause common respiratory illnesses in all ages
Parainfluenza viruses
27
Which virus is the most important cause of lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children
Respiratory syncytial virus
28
Which virus usually outranks all other pathogens as the cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants under 1 year
Respiratory syncytial virus
29
What is the incubation period for respiratory syncytial virus
3 to 5 days
30
How long can viral shedding last in infants and young children with RSV
1 to 3 weeks
31
How long does viral shedding last in adults with RSV
1 to 2 days
32
Which clinical syndrome is distinct for RSV
Bronchiolitis
33
Which virus is an important cause of otitis media
Respiratory syncytial virus
34
Which respiratory pathogen was first described in 2001
Human metapneumovirus
35
Which virus causes respiratory illness similar to RSV in all age groups
Human metapneumovirus
36
Which symptoms can human metapneumovirus cause
Mild upper respiratory symptoms + Severe lower respiratory tract disease
37
How are parainfluenza viruses transmitted
Infectious droplets + Secretions of infected individuals
38
Where can parainfluenza viruses thrive outside the body
Inanimate objects + Surfaces
39
What is an important measure to prevent parainfluenza virus transmission
Handwashing
40
Which disease is an acute contagious disease characterized by non-suppurative enlargement of salivary glands
Mumps
41
Which virus causes mumps
Mumps virus
42
Which groups are most affected by mumps
Children
43
Which complications are common in adults with mumps
Meningitis + Orchitis
44
Which complication in males can lead to infertility
Orchitis
45
Which complication in females can lead to infertility
Oophoritis
46
Which other complications may occur in adults with mumps
Polyarthritis + Pancreatitis
47
What proportion of mumps infections are asymptomatic
More than one-third
48
Which route does mumps virus use to enter the host
Respiratory tract
49
Which cells does mumps virus target for infection
Epithelial cells of the respiratory tract
50
What is the typical incubation period for mumps
14 to 18 days
51
What is the range of incubation period for mumps
2 to 4 weeks
52
Where is mumps virus shed
Saliva
53
When does mumps virus shedding occur
3 days before to 9 days after onset of salivary gland swelling
54
Which disease is also known as common measles
Measles (rubeola)
55
Which symptoms are characteristic of measles
Fever + Respiratory symptoms + Maculopapular rash
56
Which complications are common and serious in measles
Otitis media + Pneumonia + Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
57
What is the most common complication of measles
Otitis media
58
What is the most common life-threatening complication of measles
Pneumonia
59
What is the rare late complication of measles
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
60
What is the pathognomonic sign of rubeola infection
Koplik spots
61
What is the typical incubation period for measles
8 to 15 days
62
What is the maximum incubation period for measles in adults
Up to 3 weeks
63
Which disease is also known as German measles or three-day measles
Rubella
64
Which virus causes rubella
Rubella virus
65
Which family does rubella virus belong to
Togaviridae
66
Which genus does rubella virus belong to
Rubivirus
67
Which age groups are affected by rubella
Children + Young adults
68
Which features are characteristic of rubella
Rash + Lymphadenopathy
69
What is the incubation period for rubella
12 days or longer
70
Where does rubella virus initially replicate
Respiratory tract
71
Where does rubella virus multiply after initial replication
Cervical lymph nodes
72
When does viremia develop in rubella
7 to 9 days after infection
73
When does viremia end in rubella
When antibody appears on day 13 to 15
74
When is the peak incidence of rubella
Spring
75
What are the clinical features of rubella
Malaise + Low-grade fever + Morbilliform rash
76
Where does the rubella rash start and how does it spread
Starts on face and extends to trunk and extremities
77
How long does the rubella rash typically last
Less than 3 days
78
Which symptoms are commonly seen in adults with rubella
Transient arthralgia + Arthritis
79
Which rare complications may occur in rubella
Thrombocytopenic purpura + Encephalitis
80
Which syndrome results from maternal rubella infection during pregnancy
Congenital rubella syndrome
81
What are the transient effects in infants with congenital rubella
Transient language infection
82
What are the permanent manifestations of congenital rubella
Congenital malformations + Mental retardation
83
When do developmental abnormalities from congenital rubella appear
At birth or during the first year + Progress during childhood and adolescence
84
What causes hypoplastic organ development in congenital rubella
Reduced growth rate of infected fetal cells
85
When are birth defects most likely if maternal rubella infection occurs
Before 20th week of gestation
86
What is the classic triad of congenital rubella
Cataracts + Cardiac abnormalities + Deafness
87
Which symptoms may be transient in infants with congenital rubella
Growth retardation + Rash + Hepatosplenomegaly + Jaundice + Meningoencephalitis
88
What is the most common developmental manifestation in congenital rubella
Moderate to profound mental retardation
89
Which neurological complication may occur in severely affected infants
Progressive rubella panencephalitis
90
What is the outcome of progressive rubella panencephalitis
Death
91
Is there specific treatment for congenital rubella
No
92
How is congenital rubella prevented
Childhood immunization with rubella vaccine
93
Which viruses are most prevalent among parainfluenza types in children
Type 3
94
Which parainfluenza virus type is endemic and present year-round
Type 3
95
When does parainfluenza type 3 show increased cases
Spring
96
Which parainfluenza virus types are less common than type 3
Type 1 + Type 2
97
When are epidemics of parainfluenza types 1 and 2 most common
Fall and winter
98
Which parainfluenza virus types most commonly cause croup
Type 1 + Type 2
99
Which parainfluenza virus type most commonly causes croup
Type 1
100
Which virus is the most important cause of lower respiratory tract illness in infants
Respiratory syncytial virus
101
Which virus was first described in 2001 and causes respiratory illness similar to RSV
Human metapneumovirus

MYCOVIRO (27 decks)

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