1.8.2 Fixation Req

Question 1

Factors to achieve adequate Fixation:

pH?

Answer 1

6-8

Question 2

Factors to achieve adequate Fixation:

Osmolality?

Answer 2

Slightly hypertonic

Question 3

In Board Exam, what is the prefered osmolality in Fixative (If there is no Slighlty hypertonic)

Answer 3

Isotonic

Question 4

Factors to achieve adequate Fixation:

Vol?

Answer 4

20X vol of the specimen

Question 5

Factors to achieve adequate Fixation:

Size of tissue to be processed?

Answer 5

3x2 cm

Question 6

Factors to achieve adequate Fixation:

Thickness of tissue to be processed

Answer 6

3-5 mm

Question 7

Factors to achieve adequate Fixation:

Thickness of tissue if LUNG EDEMA

Answer 7

1-2 cm

Question 8

Factors to achieve adequate Fixation:

Fix temp for EM and Histochem?

Answer 8

0-4 C

Question 9

Factors to achieve adequate Fixation:

Fix temp using autotechnicon

Answer 9

40C

Question 10

Factors to achieve adequate Fixation:

Temp for Manual Fixation?

Answer 10

RT

Question 11

Factors to achieve adequate Fixation:

Penetration rate of formalin

Answer 11

1mm/hr

Question 12

Factors to achieve adequate Fixation:

Temp to ACCELERATE fixation?

Answer 12

37-56 C

Question 13

Autotechnicon can be done up until only infiltration

T or F

Answer 13

T

Question 14

Factors that can RETARD (prolong Fixation) time?

a. Size and thickness (Large tissue)
b. Cold temp
c. Presence of Blood
d. Presence of Mucous
e. Fatty tissues

Which among does not belong?

Answer 14

None

Question 15

Blood and Mucous can prolong time fixation due to blockage of fixation

T or F

Answer 15

T

Question 16

Remedy for Blood and Mucous in tissue (If you want to remove)

Answer 16

Wash with NSS

Question 17

Remedy for Fatty tissue (If you want to remove)

Answer 17

Cut tissues thinly

Question 18

Factors that can Accelerate fixation?

a. Size and thickness (Small size)
b. Agitation
c. Heat application

Which of the following does not belong?

Answer 18

None

Question 19

What is the Routine Tissue Fixative?

Answer 19

10% NBF (Phosphate Buffer)

Question 20

What are the Non-additive fixatives?

Answer 20

Alcohol and Acetones

Question 21

Nuclear has a pH less than 4.6

T or F

Answer 21

T

Question 22

Carnoy’s Bouin’s, newcomer’s Heidenhain Susa, Flemming’s With HAc

Answer 22

Nuclear fixative

Question 23

Regaud’s / Moller’s
Orth’s
Formalin with post chroming Flemming’s without HAc

These are known as what type of Fixatives?

Answer 23

Cytoplasmic Fixatives

Question 24

Cytoplasmic Fixatives has a pH more than 4.6

T or F

Answer 24

T

Question 25

Aldehyde (Formaldehyde, Glutaraldehyde) Which among use for electronmicrosopy?

Answer 25

Glutaraldehyde

Question 26

In glutaraldehyde: Small tissue fragments/ needle biopsies: ____ Larger tissue less than 4mm: ____

Answer 26

2.5% 4%

Question 27

Formaldehyde: 10% Formol saline 10% Neutral Buffered formalin Formol corrosive/formol sublimate Alcoholic formalin/Gendres These are all _______ formalin

Answer 27

Diluted

Question 28

100mL of 37-40% formalin + 900ml distilled water

Answer 28

10% Formalin (NBF)

Question 29

Added to prevent precipitation of formaldehyde to white paraformaldehyde

Answer 29

10% methanol

Question 30

Mercuric Chloride + Formaldehyde

Answer 30

Formal Corrosive / Formal Sublimate

Question 31

Formaldehyde: Preserve CNS tissues lipids or phospholipids 10% Formol saline 10% Neutral Buffered formalin Formol corrosive/formol sublimate Alcoholic formalin/Gendres

Answer 31

10% Formol saline

Question 32

Formaldehyde: Preserve Tissues with iron pigments 10% Formol saline 10% Neutral Buffered formalin Formol corrosive/formol sublimate Alcoholic formalin/Gendres

Answer 32

10% Neutral Buffered formalin

Question 33

Formaldehyde: Micro incineration technique 10% Formol saline 10% Neutral Buffered formalin Formol corrosive/formol sublimate Alcoholic formalin/Gendres

Answer 33

Alcoholic formalin/Gendres

Question 34

3 types of Metallic fixatives: Chromate Mercuric chloride Lead T or F

Answer 34

T

Question 35

3 types of Metallic fixatives: Use for Acid Mucopolysaccharide Chromate Mercuric chloride Lead

Answer 35

Lead

Question 36

3 types of Metallic fixatives: Use for Carbohydrates, Potassium, etc Chromate Mercuric chloride Lead

Answer 36

Chromate

Question 37

CHROMATE Fixatives: 1-2 % chromic acid: ____________ 3% Potassium dichromate: _______, mitochondria

Answer 37

Carbohydrates Lipids

Question 38

CHROMATE Fixatives: ____________: Mitochondria, RBC and colloid containing tissues _____: Ricketssiae and other bacteria, tissue necrosis

Answer 38

Regaud's / Moller's Orth's

Question 39

Most Common Metallic fixative EXCELLENT for trichome staining and Tissiue Photography

Answer 39

Mercuric fixatives

Question 40

Mercuric chloride Fixative: Liver spleen, CT and nuclei a. B5 b. Zenker's c. Helly's fluid

Answer 40

b

Question 41

Mercuric chloride Fixative: Bone marrow a. B5 b. Zenker's c. Helly's fluid

Answer 41

a

Question 42

Mercuric chloride Fixative: Pituitary gland, BM, spleen, liver a. B5 b. Zenker's c. Helly's fluid

Answer 42

c

Question 43

Mercuric chloride Fixative: Tumor skin biopsies

Answer 43

Heidenhain's Susa

Question 44

Also known as Helly's fluid

Answer 44

Zenker-Formol