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MTAP Histo > 1.8.2 Fixation Req > Flashcards

1.8.2 Fixation Req Flashcards

1
Q

Factors to achieve adequate Fixation:

pH?

A

6-8

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2
Q

Factors to achieve adequate Fixation:

Osmolality?

A

Slightly hypertonic

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3
Q

In Board Exam, what is the prefered osmolality in Fixative (If there is no Slighlty hypertonic)

A

Isotonic

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4
Q

Factors to achieve adequate Fixation:

Vol?

A

20X vol of the specimen

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5
Q

Factors to achieve adequate Fixation:

Size of tissue to be processed?

A

3x2 cm

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6
Q

Factors to achieve adequate Fixation:

Thickness of tissue to be processed

A

3-5 mm

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7
Q

Factors to achieve adequate Fixation:

Thickness of tissue if LUNG EDEMA

A

1-2 cm

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8
Q

Factors to achieve adequate Fixation:

Fix temp for EM and Histochem?

A

0-4 C

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9
Q

Factors to achieve adequate Fixation:

Fix temp using autotechnicon

A

40C

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10
Q

Factors to achieve adequate Fixation:

Temp for Manual Fixation?

A

RT

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11
Q

Factors to achieve adequate Fixation:

Penetration rate of formalin

A

1mm/hr

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12
Q

Factors to achieve adequate Fixation:

Temp to ACCELERATE fixation?

A

37-56 C

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13
Q

Autotechnicon can be done up until only infiltration

T or F

A

T

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14
Q

Factors that can RETARD (prolong Fixation) time?

a. Size and thickness (Large tissue)
b. Cold temp
c. Presence of Blood
d. Presence of Mucous
e. Fatty tissues

Which among does not belong?

A

None

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15
Q

Blood and Mucous can prolong time fixation due to blockage of fixation

T or F

A

T

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16
Q

Remedy for Blood and Mucous in tissue (If you want to remove)

A

Wash with NSS

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17
Q

Remedy for Fatty tissue (If you want to remove)

A

Cut tissues thinly

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18
Q

Factors that can Accelerate fixation?

a. Size and thickness (Small size)
b. Agitation
c. Heat application

Which of the following does not belong?

A

None

19
Q

What is the Routine Tissue Fixative?

A

10% NBF (Phosphate Buffer)

20
Q

What are the Non-additive fixatives?

A

Alcohol and Acetones

21
Q

Nuclear has a pH less than 4.6

T or F

A

T

22
Q

Carnoy’s Bouin’s, newcomer’s Heidenhain Susa, Flemming’s With HAc

A

Nuclear fixative

23
Q

Regaud’s / Moller’s
Orth’s
Formalin with post chroming Flemming’s without HAc

These are known as what type of Fixatives?

A

Cytoplasmic Fixatives

24
Q

Cytoplasmic Fixatives has a pH more than 4.6

T or F

A

T

25
Q

Aldehyde (Formaldehyde, Glutaraldehyde)

Which among use for electronmicrosopy?

A

Glutaraldehyde

26
Q

In glutaraldehyde:

Small tissue fragments/ needle biopsies: ____

Larger tissue less than 4mm: ____

A

2.5%

4%

27
Q

Formaldehyde:

10% Formol saline
10% Neutral Buffered formalin
Formol corrosive/formol sublimate
Alcoholic formalin/Gendres

These are all _______ formalin

A

Diluted

28
Q

100mL of 37-40% formalin + 900ml distilled water

A

10% Formalin (NBF)

29
Q

Added to prevent precipitation of formaldehyde to white paraformaldehyde

A

10% methanol

30
Q

Mercuric Chloride + Formaldehyde

A

Formal Corrosive / Formal Sublimate

31
Q

Formaldehyde:

Preserve CNS tissues lipids or phospholipids

10% Formol saline
10% Neutral Buffered formalin
Formol corrosive/formol sublimate
Alcoholic formalin/Gendres

A

10% Formol saline

32
Q

Formaldehyde:

Preserve Tissues with iron pigments

10% Formol saline
10% Neutral Buffered formalin
Formol corrosive/formol sublimate
Alcoholic formalin/Gendres

A

10% Neutral Buffered formalin

33
Q

Formaldehyde:

Micro incineration technique

10% Formol saline
10% Neutral Buffered formalin
Formol corrosive/formol sublimate
Alcoholic formalin/Gendres

A

Alcoholic formalin/Gendres

34
Q

3 types of Metallic fixatives:

Chromate
Mercuric chloride
Lead

T or F

A

T

35
Q

3 types of Metallic fixatives:

Use for Acid Mucopolysaccharide

Chromate
Mercuric chloride
Lead

A

Lead

36
Q

3 types of Metallic fixatives:

Use for Carbohydrates, Potassium, etc

Chromate
Mercuric chloride
Lead

A

Chromate

37
Q

CHROMATE Fixatives:

1-2 % chromic acid: ____________

3% Potassium dichromate: _______, mitochondria

A

Carbohydrates

Lipids

38
Q

CHROMATE Fixatives:

____________: Mitochondria, RBC and colloid containing tissues

_____: Ricketssiae and other bacteria, tissue necrosis

A

Regaud’s / Moller’s

Orth’s

39
Q

Most Common Metallic fixative

EXCELLENT for trichome staining and Tissiue Photography

A

Mercuric fixatives

40
Q

Mercuric chloride Fixative:

Liver spleen, CT and nuclei

a. B5
b. Zenker’s
c. Helly’s fluid

A

b

41
Q

Mercuric chloride Fixative:

Bone marrow

a. B5
b. Zenker’s
c. Helly’s fluid

A

a

42
Q

Mercuric chloride Fixative:

Pituitary gland, BM, spleen, liver

a. B5
b. Zenker’s
c. Helly’s fluid

A

c

43
Q

Mercuric chloride Fixative:

Tumor skin biopsies

A

Heidenhain’s Susa

44
Q

Also known as Helly’s fluid

A

Zenker-Formol

MTAP Histo (20 decks)

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