Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

From Flashcardlet > rad bio ch 36 > Flashcards

rad bio ch 36 Flashcards

1
Q

two all diagnostic imaging must have for protection?

A

protective housing

control panel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

protective hoursing reduces ___

A

leakage radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

leakage radiaition must be less that _____mR/hr at distance of 1 m from the protective housing

A

100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

control panel
- must indicate the conditions of exposure and positively indicate when the xray tube is energized my __ and __ indicators

A

kvp

ma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

___ beam must be positively and clearly indicated to the radiologic tech

A

xray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

sid indicator must be accurate to withing __% of indicated sid

A

2%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

attenuation of ____ beam must be equivalent to attenuation by ________

A

useful

protective housing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

xray beam and light beam must coincide to with ___ %of side

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

PBL must be accurate with ___% of sid

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

beam alignment must be provided

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

all diagnostic xrays must have total filtration of ___ mm of AL above 70 kvp

A

2.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

all diagonotic xrays operating between 50-70 kvp must have ___mm of AL

A

1.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

all xrays operating below 50kvp must ___ mm of AL

A

.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

if HVL is ____ or ___to than value given at various kvp levels, total filtration is adequate

A

equal to or greater than

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

for any radiographic technique, ____ radiation intensity should remain constant from one exposure ot another

A

output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

variation in xray intensity should not exceed ____%

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

when exposure time is constant, causeing mas to ____ proportion to increase mA, radiation intensity should be proportionate to___

A

increase

mAs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the maximum acceptable variation in linearity is __% from one ma station to an adjacent ma station

A

10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

radition intensity is expressed in

A

mGya/mas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

exposure control should be ____ to the operating console and not long chord

A

fixed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

lead apron should be assigned to each mobile unti

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

exposure switch must be at least __m from the xray tube during exposure

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

because of divergence of the xray beam, the entrance skin dose is ____ for the required exit dose as the source to skin is ____

A

lessened

increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

SSD must be not less than ____cm on stationary fluoroscopes and not less than ___cm on mobile fluro

A

38

30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

fluro assembly serves as primary protective barrier and must be ___ mm of PB

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

total filtration for fluro

-whats part of it

A
  1. 5 mm AL equiv

- table, patient, cradle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

collimation
- fluro collimators must be adjusted so unexposed border is visible on the image monitor when the inut phosphor of image intensifier is ___cm above table and collimators are fully open. Shutters must track ____the tabletop

A
  • 35 cm

- above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

when the bucky slot try is moved to bottom table, opening in the side of the table approx. ___cm wide at gonadal level, an this opening should be covered with at least ____mm PB equivalent

A
  • 5

- 0.25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

fluro protective curatin at least ___mm Pb equiv.

A

0.25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

fluro timer___

A

5 mins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

intensity of fluro at table top should not exceed ______for each ma operation at 80 kvp

A

21mGYa/min for each ma of operation at 80 kvp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

overall stochastic risk to a patient depends o effective radiation dose, which is related to tissue ____ dose and to the volume tissue exposed

A

radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Dose area product (DAP)
- quantity that reflects not only the dose but also the ______ of tissue exposed irradiated: therefore it maybe a better indicator of risk than dose

A

volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

primary radiation

- most intense which is the ___l beam

A

useful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

two types of secondary radiation

A

scatter radiation and leakage radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

scatter radiation

- useful beam ___ an object, causing xray to be scatter

A

intercepts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

intensity of scatter radiation ___m from the patient is approx. ___% of intensity of the useful beam at the patient

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

secondary protective radiation

- shield area of secondary rad

A

rad

39
Q

controlled area

- area occupied primarily of radiation ___l and patients

A

personel

40
Q

design limits for a controlled are based on the annual recommended occupational dose limit of ____

A

50 mSv/yr

41
Q

uncontrolled area

- all other occupants

A

occupants

42
Q

workload

- ___ the number of exams per week , the thicker the shielding that is recquired

A

greater

43
Q

percentage of time during which the xray beam is on and directed toward a particular barrier called _______

A

use factor

44
Q

pulse or rate mode

- prescense of ____ is indicated by tickling chirping or beeping sound

A

radiation

45
Q

integrate mode

- measure ___ of radiation in which accumulate signal and respond with total exposure

A

intensity

46
Q

three gas filled radiation detectors

A

ionization chambers, proptortional counters, Geiger-muller detector

47
Q

use factor for secondary barriers is always ___

A

1

48
Q

____ of gas is the basis for gas filled radiation detectors

A

ionization

49
Q

high sensiticty means that an instrument can detect very __ radiation intensities

A

low

50
Q

_____ is device that emits electrons when iluminated

A

photocathode

51
Q

_____ ____ is the ratio of secondary electrons to incident electrons

A

dynode gain

52
Q

size of electron pulse is _____ to the energy absorbed by the crystal from incident photon

A

proportional

53
Q

TLD is ___ of light by thermally stimulated crystal following irradiation

A

emission

54
Q

lithium flurodie is nearly ___ equivalent radiation dosimeter

A

tissue

55
Q

Dna is in ___

A

nucleus

56
Q

mRna travels in and out of ___

A

nucleus

57
Q

neural mutation ex

A

my eyes

58
Q

good mutation ex

A

thumb

59
Q

bad mutation ex

A

cancer

60
Q

genetic cells

- ony effect future ____ but happens in our _____

A

generations

- cells

61
Q

main chain scission know ch pg 490

A

490

62
Q

rung breakage
instruction is interrupted or rungs are swapped
- loss in _____ base is bad

A

nitrogenous

63
Q

which cancer is most damage?

- DNA- ____ hit

A

direct

64
Q

indirect hit

- _____ overtime

A

frequently

65
Q

cell survivable 2 ways fix
-2
and what they are?

A

repopulation- phagocytes out, new cell takes place (redoes itself)

repair- fixes self

66
Q

mitosis

- cell must____itself or die

A

repair

67
Q

3 damages to cells

A

lethal,sublethal, no damage

68
Q

know page 492

A

single vs multi hit

69
Q

linear energy transfer

- more energy with more energy transfer with ___reaction of events

A

chain

70
Q

relative biological effect

- biological effect ____ to damage

A

related

71
Q

relative biological effect formula

A

test dose

72
Q

LET/RBE is worse with what interaction?

A

02

73
Q

p 504,5-7 chart acute rad syndrome

A

chart

74
Q

prodromal period you see?

A

main symptoms

75
Q

latent period you see?

A

fee good

76
Q

manifest image you see?

A

syndrome

77
Q

erythema

type cancer with many of these?

A

more damage more chance of cancer

- basal cell

78
Q

__ damage occurs in future generations

A

gonad

79
Q

zygote

- ____ egg

A

preimplanted

80
Q

=Grey

A

rad x .01

81
Q

permanent stability

- not reversible and used more ___

A

rad

82
Q

temporary stability

- reversible with __ dose

A

less

83
Q

aberration

- ___ or ___ of cell

A

damage or change

84
Q

stochastic effect

  • probabilistic , any effect that is___
  • more dose increase than proability wil __
A

latent

increase

85
Q

linear vs nonlinear

A

direct proportionate

indirect proportiate

86
Q

threshold

A

need given amout

87
Q

nonthreshold

A

can see effect w/out certain amount

88
Q

2 kinds cataracts

A

corneal, lense

89
Q

ct ___x more xray than xray

A

3

90
Q

relative risk

- should be see what is _____ expected

A

less

91
Q

excess risk

- see___ than what expected

A

more

92
Q

most sensitive cell

A

lympocytes

93
Q

child getting radiation during development when is safe

A

never

94
Q

genetic effect is ____ effect

- never shows in current ____

A

stochastic

generations

From Flashcardlet (57 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions