2🍓Types of Memory- Memory PAPER1

Question 1

Why did Tulving propose that there are three LTM stores

Answer 1

-multi store model too simplistic

Question 2

Episodic memory definition, explanation, example

Answer 2

-personal events, memories when events occurred, people, objects, places and behaviours involved
-csn be retrieved consciously with effort
-time stamped, remember when and what happened
-e.g first day school

Question 3

Episodic memory explicit of implicit?

Answer 3

-explicit
-involved intentional conscious recall

Question 4

Episodic memory type and brain region

Answer 4

-personal experience
-hippocampus, prefrontal cortex

Question 5

Semantic memory definition, explanation, example

Answer 5

-knowledge of world, facts and knowledge of what words mean
-need to be recalled deliberately
-not time stamped, don’t usually remember when we heard about the fact, less personal
-e.g knowing London capital of England

Question 6

Semantic memory explicit or implicit?

Answer 6

-explicit
-involves conscious deliberate recall

Question 7

Semantic memory type and brain region

Answer 7

-knowledge, facts, concepts, meanings
-temporal lobe

Question 8

Procedural memory explicit of implicit?

Answer 8

-implicit
-recall these memories without making a conscious or deliberate effort

Question 9

Procedural memory type and brain region

Answer 9

-performing tasks or skills
-cerebellum, motor cortex

Question 10

Procedural memory definition, explanation, example

Answer 10

-knowledge how to do things, memories learned skills
-usually recall without making conscious or deliberate effort
-skills we find difficult explain in words, often acquired through repetition and practise
-e.g swimming, reading, writing

Question 11

Who introduced concepts of episodic, semantic and procedural memory

Answer 11

Tulving (1985)

Question 12

Procedural memory definition, explanation, example

Answer 12

-knowledge how to do things, memories learned skills
-usually recall without making conscious or deliberate effort
-skills we find difficult explain in words, often acquired through repetition and practise
-e.g swimming, reading, writing

Question 13

Strength HM

Answer 13

-HM episodic memory severely impaired due to brain damage
-semantic and procedural memories relatively unaffected
-e.g could not remember stroking dog half an hour earlier but understood concept of what dog is
-procedural: knew how to walk and speak
-support Tulving view different memory stores in LTM, one csn be damaged others unaffected

Question 14

Counterpoint clinical studies

Answer 14

-studying people brainscape injuries csn help researchers understand how memory supposed to work normally but clinical studies not perfect
-lack control of variables, brain injuries experienced usually unexpected, researcher no way control, no knowledge previous memory, difficult judge how much worse it is
-limits what clinical studies tell us about different types LTM

Question 15

Limitation conflicting research findings

Answer 15

-conflicting research findings linking types LTM to areas brain
-e.g Buckner and Petersen (1996) reviewed evidence regarding location semantic and episodic memory
-concluded that semantic memory located on left side prefrontal cortex and episodic on right
-however other research links left prefrontal cortex with episodic and right with semantic (Tulving 1994)
-challenges neurophysiological evidence to support types memory as poor agreement locations

Question 16

Strength memory problems

Answer 16

-allows psychologists help people memory problems
-e.g as people age experience memory loss, but research shown this seems to be specific to episodic memory, harder to recall memories of personal events recently, recall ones from past
-Belleville (2006) intervention improve episodic memories older people, trained participants performed better on test of episodic memory after training than control group
-shows distinguishing between types LTM enables specific treatments to develop