self report Flashcards
(21 cards)
open questions
-participant answer any way they chose
-qualitative data, non numerical, words
open question strength
-participants freedom chose own responses, more expressive, lead more valid, true responses
open question limitation
-qualitative data difficult to analyse between large sets participants, harder spot patterns in responses
closed questions
-limits participants responses to only few fixed predetermined options
-quantitive data, numerical
closed question strength
-quantitive data allows easy data analysis between large numbers participant responses, easier spot patterns
close questions limitation
-participants response delimited to fixed data set, less valid, responses might be best for not how they really feel, may have more to say
designing interviews and questionnaires
-avoid complex terminology
-avoid leading questions as cause bias in responses
-piloting questions: running small scale version, identify if work
-filler questions: not linked to research aim, build rapport before more challenging questions, reduce demand characteristics, hide research aim
structured
-interviewer reads out list prepared questions
structured strengths
-interviewer does not have to be highly trained to conduct
-interviewer responses easy to compare as same questions used
structured limitation
-responses can’t be followed up with additional questions that csn provide more detail
unstructured
-no set list of questions, open conversation on topic
unstructured strengths
-rapport, participant feel comfortable to answer
-responses can be followed up with additional questions
unstructured limitations
-highly trained interviewer, ability think appropriate questions in the moment
-every interview very different, making comparison difficult
semi structured
-combination of prepared questions and freedom of asking additional questions
semi structured strengths
-interview responses easy compare, same questions
-interviewer can ask follow up questions, insightful
-rapport more likely, participant feel comfortable answer
semi structured limitation
-highly trained interviewer needed to think of appropriate questions in the moment
potential bias self report techniques
-demand characteristics: easy work out aim, answer way researcher wants
-social desirability bias
-researcher bias: researcher interpret responses in way confirms their hypothesis
-investigator effects: body language influence responses
Questionnaires strengths
-don’t require trained interviewer, easy collect large amount of data cheap
-with closed questions can compare thousands responses easily
Questionnaires limitations
-questions participants don’t understand can’t be rephrased
-often not taken seriously, participants bored, respond with ‘yes’ every question
Interview strengths
-can rephrase questions too difficult understand
-can build rapport, participant will take interview seriously
interview limitations
-required trained interviewer, increase cost
-interviewer effects can alter response participant
