3🍓 Working Memory Model- Memory PAPER1 Flashcards
(18 cards)
Working memory model
central executive
phonological loop - phonological store, articulate control process
episodic buffer
visuo spatial sketchpad (inner scribe, visual cache)
long term memory
Who came up with the model
Baddely and Hitch (1974)
Why did they come up with the model
-multi store model too simplistic, STM more complex than single store that just exists to pass information to STM
Central executive
-control attention
-receive information from senses, filters before passing to sub systems
-limited capacity, csn eork on one piece of information at once
Visuo Spatial sketchpad
-process visual and spatially coded information ‘inner eye’
-visual cache
-inner scribe
visual cache
-in visuo spatial sketchpad
-process relationship between objects in 3D space
inner scribe
-in visuo spatial sketchpad
-process form, colour
-passive store
phonological loop
-process auditory coded information
-phonological store
-articulate control process
-capacity: 2 seconds
phonological store
-in phonological loop
-holds information heard
articulatory control process
-in phonological loop
-holds information via vocal repetition
-limited capacity
episodic buffer
-several stores
-holds and intergrates information from VSS, PL and LTM
Dual Test Study
-Baddely (1975)
-participants perform two visual tasks, track moving lights whilst describing angles of letter F
-or one visual and one verbal task
-performance better when not using the same processing
-shows VSS is separate from PL
-capacity of VSS can be overwhelmed with visual information
Shallice (1970)
-clinical study of KF
-suffered brain injury, led to selective impairment of STM
-verbal store affected but not visual
-suggests VSS and PL are seperate subsystems, different brain regions
Baddely (1975) word length
-participants read word lists, asked to recall in same order
-one condition monosyllabic words e.g yield
-second condition polysyllabic words e.g opportunity
-more accurate recall monosyllabic words, word length effect
-evidence phonological loop limited capacity 2 seconds
Limitation (CE)
-central executive criticised as vague concept that needs further explaining
-difficult to test
-Baddely agrees that it needs more development
-developed episodic buffer to try provide fuller explanation on how information is held and intergrated
Strength (accurate)
-seems more accurate than multi store model which simplifies STM, describes it as passive store
-Working model describes STM as active processor
-psychologists now often refer to STM working memory instead
Limitation (lab)
-research evidence used often lab studies
-high internal validity and control
-but low external validity, artificial, lacks mundane realism
-may not be generalisable to real life situations using memory
Limitation (infer)
-impossible directly observes processes named in working memory model
-have to make inferences, assumptions, although educated guesses mate be incorrect
