Periodontal disease and Stomatitis Flashcards
primary causes
Presence of plaque-bacteria & their toxic by-products
secondary causes
Lack of oral hygiene Calculus deposits Nutrition lacking in EFA’s and anti-oxidants Genetics Stress Systemic illness eg DM
calculus - define
mineralised plaque
calculus
doesn’t cause perio-disease but gives rough surface for bacteria adhesion
always find periodontal disease with calculus
peridontal disease can be without calculus - needs plaque
stages of periodontal disease 1-4
1 - gingivitis, no attachment loss
2 - mild periodontitis, 50% attachment loss
3 - Moderate periodontitis with 25-50% attachment loss
4 - Severe periodontitis with >50% attachment loss
gingivitis
hyperaemia, oedema + bleeding gingiva
plaque induced
reversible with plaque control
always first stage of periodontal disease
pathogenesis - stage 2-4
plaque favours disease progression
gram +ve to gram -ve, obligate anaerobes
irreversible stages
tissue destruction
destruction by bacteria + immune response
systemic risks of periodontal disease
association between severity of periodontal disease + prevalence of cardiac lesions + systemic infl parameters
associations with periodontal disease + myocardial, renal disease + hepatitis
diagnosis
not possible in conscious dog/cat
complete dental charting + radiography
dental charting
missing teeth teeth mobility gingival recession - check for pockets check furcations (root arch thing) use mirror to view ligual/palatal aspects
Treatment of Periodontal Disease
extract
scaling + polish
prevention - oral home care
advanced treatments (flap surgery)
oronasal fistula
probe pocket depth on palatal aspect of canine tooth
suspect if severe periodontal disease
nasal discharge, sneezing after eating/drinking
repair recommended - good surgical technique needed
risk of jaw fracture secondary to periodontal disease
toy breeds - big teeth + small jaw
if disease has caused bone resorption around roots of big teeth
stomatitis - define
infl of oral mucosa extending beyond mucogingival junction
