Macro minerals Flashcards
lack of magnesium - clinical signs
Range from per acute to sub clinical Hyperaesthesia Ears twitching Sensitive to sound/ hand clap Staggers and collapses Champing of jaws Sudden Death
lack of magnesium - clinical signs - sub acute
Slow onset over 3-4 days
Spasmodic urination and defecation
Muscle tremor
Staggering gait
lack of magnesium - clinical signs - chronic
Few signs
Poor appetite
Depressed milk yield
Normally all types have increased heart rate
lack of magnesium - cause
Low Mg levels in the diet (fresh grass)
Poor feed intakes (rain)
Poor absorption of the Mg
lack of magnesium - treatment
urgent
Bottle Ca borogluconate with Mg hypophosphate, i/v, slowly
Magnesium sulphate 25% s/c only
lack of magnesium - prevention
Magnesium alone is not very palatable
MgO in concentrates, mix with molasses
Mg bolus oral
Mg tablets / flakes added to drinking water
Avoid K fertilizer when hypomag is a known problem
lack of calcium causes which illnesses
Bovine Parturient Paresis
Hypocalcaemia
Acute flaccid paralysis
Milk fever
calcium homeostasis
Absorption from GIT, kidney and bone PTH Vitamin D3 (converted in kidney) Calcitonin Mg co-factor required at several stages
low ca - clinical signs - subclinical
Able to stand Hypersensitivity Excitable Tremors Ear twitching Ataxia Bloat/gas in gut
low ca - clinical signs - moderate
Recumbent –sternal recumbency Depressed Dry Muzzle Cold extremities Bloat/gas in gut No defecation Delayed/absent pupil responses
low ca - clinical signs - severe
Reduced consciousness Lateral recumbency Unresponsive to stimuli Muscle flaccidity Reduced cardiac output Bloat Death
low ca - treatment
urgent 20%/40% CaBorogluconate 400ml Low Volume treatments Maxacal 100ml some mixed with Mg, P, Glucose i/v: slow Monitor heart rate
low ca - cause
Demand is not met by supply
Absorption from Kidney
GIT absorption - Absorption %-age (Ca in dry cow ration), Feed intake (Fat Cows)
Bone reserves (Old Cows)
low ca - prevention
Low Ca in dry cow ration High Ca in milking cow ration Mg-supply DCAB Drench at calving bolus just before calving
phosphorus
Local condition
Happy downer
No response to Ca/Mg tx
Foston i/v
