2.2 aggression

Question 1

define hostile aggression

Answer 1

outside the rules of the game with the intenion to harm opponent

Question 2

define instrumental aggression

Answer 2

within the laws of the game, with the prime motive being to execute the skill but there is still intention to harm.

Question 3

describe asssertion

Answer 3

no intention to harm, within the rules of the game.

Question 4

list some causes of aggression

Answer 4

• over arousal
• frustration
• drugs
• rivalry
• retaliation
• audience
• percieved unfairness

Question 5

describe instinct theory of aggression

Answer 5

• agression is innate and therefore hard to control
• means behaviour is predictable
• agressive behaviour is constantly building up and needs to be released by agressive act or sport

Question 6

give a strength and weakness of trait theory of aggression

Answer 6

+ can be anatural instinct to be aggressive
+ aggression can be hard to control
- too simple/generalised
- aggression is often learned
- aggression is often provoked

Question 7

describe social learning theory of aggression

Answer 7

• aggression is a learned response from environmental forces
• can be learned by watching role models
• sometimes people are encouraged to break rules when reward outweighs punishment

Question 8

give a strength and a weakness of the social learning theory of aggression

Answer 8

+ indicats why only some people are agressive
+ supports theory that aggression is a result of culture
- aggresion can be a trait
- people do not always copy aggressive behaviour
-

Question 9

describe the frustration aggression hypothesis

Answer 9

-Frustration develops when goal-directed behaviour is blocked.
- If the aggressive act is successful, frustration is released (catharsis)
- If aggression fails and results in punishment, further frustration is generated

Question 10

what are the criticisms of the frustration aggression hypothesis?

Answer 10

• frustration doesnt always lead to aggression
• aggression can occur without an obstacle
• doesnt consider social learning perspective

Question 11

describe the aggressive cue hypothesis

Answer 11

• Frustration leads to an increase in arousal
• but frustration alone will not trigger aggression
• frustration creates a readiness for aggression which is only triggered if a provocative environmental cue is present

Question 12

what are the main criticisms of the agressive cue hypthesis?

Answer 12

• frustration doesnt always lead to increased arousal
• Some people become aggressive even when no aggressive cues are present