Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology > Histology - Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Histology - Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Mesenchyme

A

Abundant cells, euchromatic nuclei & with lots of cytoplasmic processes. Abundant ground substance. Few, if any, reticular fibers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mucous Connective Tissue

A

Scattered cells with heterochromatic nuclei. Fair amt ground substance. Clearly visible fibrils and fibers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Connective Tissues Proper Types

A
    1. Loose (areolar) (LCT) 2a. Dense irrecular 2b. Dense regular 3. Reticular tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Loose (areolar) connective tissue (LCT)

A

Primarily beneath epithelium, LOTS of cells, fair amt of ground substance. Loosely arranged ECM, “woven mat”. Site of immune responses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue (DiRCT)

A

Clear spaces, multidirectional. Fewer cells, much less ground tissue. Large bundles of collagen fibers oriented in multiple directions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dense Regular Connective Tissue (DRCT)

A

Fewer cells, box car nuclear arrangement, unidirectional. Little ground substance. Collagen fibers: Large bundles oriented in one direction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Reticular Tissue Location

A

Stroma of liver, spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes, endocrine organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Reticular Tissue Features

A

LOTs of cells, Meshwork of delicate specifically stained, black fibers (silver-stained). LOTs of open spaces for lymph, blood, or cells to move through. “Chicken-wire” appearance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Adipose tissues

A

Highly cellular, packed, surrounded by delicate ECM of reticular fibers. Not polarized or joined by tight junctions, not contractile, and do not conduct impulses. Mesenchymal origin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

White Adipose Tissue

A

Throughout body, large round oval cells, appear white. Long term energy homeostasis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Brown Adipose Tissue

A

Multilocular adipocytes that are smaller and appear vacuolated. Heat-generation. Found mostly in infants (back, neck, shoulders) and adults around organs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Conective Tissue Support Functions

A

structural framework, harnesses muscle contraction into movement, scaffolding of gland and organs, medium for metabolic exchange, protection, fat storage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ground substance

A

Clear, gel-like substance of varying density depending on water content that occupies the space between the cells & fibers. Usually lost with histological processing, so appears empty. Composed of Glycosaminoglycans, Proteoglycans and their aggregates, and multiadhesive glycoproteins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Glyscosaminoglycans (GAGs)

A

Repeating, mostly sulfated, disaccharide units.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Proteoglycans (PGs)

A

Core protein (I) + GAGs (-). Sulfated GAGs give them a high negative charge that attracts Na+ and thus water, forming a hydration shell. Present in ALL CTs, purposeof hydrating ECM.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Proteoglycan Aggregates

A

A core component of cartiledge ECM. Individual PG’s indirectly bound to hyaluronan (re-enforced by link protein) creating giant macromolecules that attract large volumes of water, giving ECM gel-like “shock- absorbers”.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Primary function of GAGs & PGs in BM

A

Charge-based filtration barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Multiadhesive glycoproteins (MGPs)

A

Multidomain and multifunctional molecules that stabilize the ECM assembly and link it to the CT.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Multiadhesive glycoprotein examples

A

Fibronectin, Laminin, Tenascin, Osteopontin, Entactin/Nidogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ECM Fiber Types

A

Elastic, Collagen, Reticular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Elastic fibers

A

Typically thinner than collagen fibers and often arranged in a branching patter. Look like “rubber bands” that have stretched then recoiled. Permit tissues to be stretched and then recoil. Found in skin, large blood vessels, lung walls.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Specific stain for elastic fibers

A

Orcein (stain elastic fibers brown or black). Broken rubber band appearance. Smaller than collagen fibers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Fibrillin microfibrils

A

Surround and permeate elastic fibers, helping to organize their growth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Collagen

A

Most abundant structural component (30% of dry weight of the body). Imparts tensile strength to tissues. Flexible but not elastic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Collagen types

A

Fibrillar (I, II, III), Sheet-forming (IV), Anchoring (VII).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Fiber bundle assembly

A

All fibrillar collagens mature to fibril stage, but not all go on to form fibers or fiber bundles. Tropocollagen molecule to fibril to fiber to fiber bundle.

27
Q

Tropocollagen molecule

A

mature collagen molecule

28
Q

Fibril

A

orderly alignment of tropocollagen molecules

29
Q

Type I Collagen

A

90% of collagen, provides tensile strength and is only fibrillar collagen that can form fibrils, fibers & bundles. Widely distibuted (dermis, bone, ligaments, tendons, joint capsules, muscle, nerve, sclera of eye, scar tissue).

30
Q

Type II Collagen

A

Less common, found in cartilage and vitreous humor. Provides tensile strength and restrains PG aggregate expansion.

31
Q

Type II Collagen TEM appearance

A

slender fibrils, no bundling.

32
Q

Type III Collagen: Reticular fibers

A

Heavily glycosylated. Fibrils only. First collagen laid down in embryo and after an injury.

33
Q

Reticular fiber distribution

A

Surround: Adipocytes, smooth muscle fibers, prepheral nerve fibers, small blood & lymph vessels (microcirculation). Also a major component of the reticular lamina that underlies the basal lamina.

34
Q

Reticular fiber function

A

Forms a delicate latticework (network) providing support for organs that: 1. filter blood or lymph (spleen, lymph nodes) 2. Have rich microvasculature (liver, GI tract, encocrine organs) and 3. Have rapidly changin populations of proliferating cells (bone marrow).

35
Q

Type IV Collagen (basal lamina)

A

Monomers form flat sheet-like meshwork. No fibrils (no periodicity). Found in basal lamina (epithelium) and external lamina (muscle & nerve). Provides support (epithelium) and filtration.

36
Q

Type VII collagen

A

Anchoring, non-fibrillar. Anchors basal lamina to reticular lamina.

37
Q

Connective Tissue Embryonic Origins

A

From mesenchyme, which is sourced from mesoderm and neural crest. Mesenchyme-like cells, retained in adult CTs are source of stem cells.

38
Q

CT Cell Types

A

Fribroblast, Chondrocyte, Adipocyte

39
Q

Adipocyte Tumor (benign and malignant)

A

Benign: lipoma. Malignant: Liposarcoma

40
Q

Chondrocyte Tumor (benign and malignant)

A

Benign: Chondroma. Malignnant: Chondrosarcoma

41
Q

Fibroblasts

A

Principal CT cell. Synthesizes & secretes all ECM components.

42
Q

Fibroblast (activated)

A

Numerous cells in close proximity, cell structure reflects intense synthetic activity, gwoth or repair within 2 hours after injury. Secrete type III collagen. Later replace type II with type I.

43
Q

Fibrocyte

A

Quiescent fibroblast. Fewer cells, more widely dispersed. Reduced activity, ECM maintenance.

44
Q

Myofibroblasts

A

Protein-secreting cell containing bundles of actin filaments (contractile). Most active during 1st week (2nd week: undergo apoptosis). Generate & maintain steady contractile force (approximate tissues) Assist with synthesis & secretion initial ECM (quick repair).

45
Q

Macrophages

A

Arise from monocytes (white blood cell) after migration from blood into CT, whereafter they are considered resident CT cells.

46
Q

Macrophage functions

A
  1. Host response to injury: Inflammation. 2. Host defense.
47
Q

Macrophage LM appearance

A

Large cells, eccentric nuclei, pften appear vacuolated

48
Q

Macrophage TEM appearance

A

Features of a phagocytic cell

49
Q

Foreign Body Giant Cells

A

When macrophages encounter large foreign bodies, they may fuse to form a very large cell. These very large cells engulf or “wall-off” the foreign body.

50
Q

Mast cells

A

Preformed chemical mediators of inflammation. Secrete Cytokines & Leukotrienes. Skin, Respiratory & GI systems.

51
Q

Heparin

A

Anticoagulant mast cell. (a GAG).

52
Q

Histamine

A

A mast cell that promotes increased vascular permeability, intense smooth muscle contraction, and mucus secretion by nasal & bronchial glands.

53
Q

Unilocular Adipocytes

A

Most common type of fat cell. Large, spherical cells with eccentric nucleus and thin rim of cytoplasm that synthesize and store lipids as TAGs for energy and secrete hormones, growth factors, and cytokines.

54
Q

Multilocular Adipocytes

A

(brown) fat cells located in brown adipose tissue. Function: Heat generation (thermogenesis)

55
Q

Transient Cells

A
  1. Develop elsewhere (bone marrow) 2. Migrate into CT’s to perform their functions 3. Short-lived: White blood cells and Plasma cells
56
Q

Plasma cells: LM Appearance

A

Oval-shaped cell (tear drop), Eccentric nucleus, Prominent nucleolus, Heterochromatin distributed in “Clock-face or Cartwheel” pattern.

57
Q

Parenchyma

A

Comprises the functional parts of an organ. Liver = hepatocytes.

58
Q

Stroma

A

The connective, supportive framework of a biological cell, tissue, or organ.

59
Q

Mucosa

A

Epithelium + Lamina propria

60
Q

Epithelium

A

Simple columnar with brush border + goblet cells

61
Q

what types of connective tissue come from embryonic CT?

A

Mesenchyme
Mucous

62
Q

Loose Areolar location?

A

Lies immediately deep to epithelium surrounds blood vessels

63
Q

dense Regular collagenous location?

A

Tendons
Ligaments
Aponeuroses

Histology (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions