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From Flashcardlet > CSCI PART 1 > Flashcards

CSCI PART 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Input Unit is

A

The”receiving” section which obtains information (data and computer programs) from input devices and places it at the disposal of the other units so that it can be processed.

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1
Q

Computer Organization Six key logical units are

A
  • Input unit
  • Output unit
  • Memory unit (Memory)
  • Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) - Central processing unit (CPU) - Secondary storage unit
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2
Q

Output Unit.

A

This “shipping” section takes information that the computer has processed and places it on various output devices to make it available for use outside the comput

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3
Q

Central Processing Unit

A

Central Processing Unit (CPU).
—— This “administrative” section coordinates and supervises the operation of the other sections.

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4
Q

Apple Computers popularized personal
computing in what year

A

1977

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5
Q
  • 1981 IBM Personal Computers legitimized personal computing in
A

business,industry, and government organization
- Local area networks (LANS)
- World wide Web

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6
Q

Three types of Programming Languages

A

Machine languages

Assembly languages

High-level languages

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7
Q

Machine Languages.(object code)

A

Only language can be understood by Computers

Example:
- 0100100111110001110…… - 1101001100000011111……

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8
Q

Assembly languages.
•

A

Use the English-like abbreviations to represent elementary operations
•
Example: basepay, overtimepay —> grosspay
load basepay add overtimepay store grosspay

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9
Q

C++ systems consists of:

A
  • a program development environment (Visual C++ 2008 IDE)
  • C++ language
  • C++ standard library
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10
Q

What are the 6 phases in C++ Development Environment

A

Editing
Programmer
Preprocessing
Preprocessor
Compiling
Compiler
Linking
linker
Loading
loader
Executing CPU

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11
Q

1.1 Fill in the blanks in each of the following:
a) The company that popularized personal computing was

A

Apple

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12
Q

b) The computer that made personal computing legitimate in business and industry was
the .

A

IBM personal computer

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13
Q

c) Computers process data under the control of sets of instructions called computer

A

Programs

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14
Q

d) The six key logical units of the computer are the , , , , andthe .

A

ANS: input unit, output unit, memory unit, arithmetic and logic unit, central processing unit, secondary storage unit.

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15
Q

e) The three types of languages discussed in the chapter are , , and .

A

ANS: machine languages, assembly languages, high-level languages.

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16
Q

f) The programs that translate high-level language programs into machine language are
called .

A

ANS: compilers.

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17
Q

g) C is widely known as the development language of the operating system.

A

ANS: UNIX.

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18
Q

h) The language was developed by Wirth for teaching structured program-
ming.

A

ANS: Pascal.

19
Q

i) The Department of Defense developed the Ada language with a capability called , which allows programmers to specify that many activities can proceed in
parallel.

A

ANS: multitasking.

20
Q

j)
, or labeling content, is another key part of the collaborative theme of Web
2.0.

A

ANS: Tagging.

21
Q

k) With Internet applications, the desktop evolves to the .

A

ANS: webtop.

22
Q

l) involves reworking code to make it clearer and easier to maintain while pre-
serving its functionality.

A

ANS: Refactoring.

23
Q

m) With development, individuals and companies contribute their efforts in de-
veloping, maintaining and evolving software in exchange for the right to use that soft-
ware for their own purposes, typically at no charge.

A

ANS: opensource.

24
Q

n) are used to match specific character patterns in text. They can be used to val-
idate data to ensure that it is in a particular format, to replace parts of one string with
another, or to split a string.

A

ANS: Regularexpressions.

25
Q

a) C++ programs are normally typed into a computer using a(n) program.

A

ANS: editor.

26
Q

b) In a C++ system, a(n) program executes before the compiler’s translation phase begins.

A

ANS: preprocessor.

27
Q

c) The program combines the output of the compiler with various library
functions to produce an executable program.

A

ANS: linker.

28
Q

d) The program transfers the executable program from disk to memory.

A

ANS: loader.

29
Q

Categorize each of the following items as either hardware or software:

a) CPU is a

A

ANS: hardware.

30
Q

b) C++ compiler ANS: .

A

software

31
Q

c) ALU

A

ANS: hardware.

32
Q

d) C++ preprocessor

A

ANS: software.

33
Q

e) input unit

A

ANS: hardware.

34
Q

f) an editor program

A

ANS: software.

35
Q
  1. 6 Fill in the blanks in each of the following statements:

a) Which logical unit of the computer receives information from outside the computer for
use by the computer? .

A

ANS: inputunit.

36
Q

b) The process of instructing the computer to solve specific problems is called
.

A

ANS: computerprogramming.

37
Q

c) What type of computer language uses English-like abbreviations for machine language instructions? .

A

ANS: assemblylanguage.

38
Q

d) Which logical unit of the computer sends information that has already been processed
by the computer to various devices so that the information may be used outside the
computer? .

A

ANS: output-unit.

39
Q

e) Which logical units of the computer retain information? .

A

ANS: memoryunitandsecondarystorageunit.

40
Q

f) Which logical unit of the computer performs calculations?

A

ANS: arithmeticandlogicalunit.

41
Q

g) Which logical unit of the computer makes logical decisions?

A

ANS: arithmetic and logical unit.

42
Q

h) The level of computer language most convenient to the programmer for writing pro-
grams quickly and easily is .

A

ANS: high-levellanguage.

43
Q

i) The only language that a computer directly understands is called that computer’s
.

A

ANS: machine language.

44
Q

j) Which logical unit of the computer coordinates the activities of all the other logical units? .

A

ANS: central processing unit.

45
Q

Distinguish between the terms fatal error and nonfatal error. Why might you prefer to ex- perience a fatal error rather than a nonfatal error?

A

ANS: Afatalerrorcausesaprogramtoterminateprematurely.Anonfatalerroroccurswhen the logic of the program is incorrect, and the program does not work properly. A fatal error is preferred for debugging purposes. A fatal error immediately lets you know there is a problem with the program, whereas a nonfatal error can be subtle and pos- sibly go undetected.

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