13.2 Storing Information In The Nervous System Flashcards
Research on the physiology of learning began with Ivan Pavlov’s concept of ____ ____.
classical conditioning
When a pattern of activity passes through the brain, it leaves a path of physical changes, but not every change is a ____.
memory
____ ____ suggested that an axon that has successfully stimulated cell B in the past becomes even more successful in the future.
Donald Hebb
A synapse that increases in effectiveness because of simultaneous activity in the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons is called a ____ ____.
Hebbian synapse
Vertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems are organised differently, but the chemistry of the ____, the principles of the ____ ____, and the ____ and the receptors are the same.
neuron : action potential : neurotransmitters
If we identify the physical basis of learning and memory in an invertebrate, we have at least a hypothesis of what might work in ____.
vertebrates
____, a marine invertebrate related to the common slug, has been a popular animal for studies of the physiology of learning. Compared to vertebrates, it has fewer neurons, many of which are large and easy to study.
Aplysia
____ is a decrease in response to a stimulus that is presented repeatedly and accompanied by no change in other stimuli.
Habituation
____ is an increase in response to a mild stimuli as a result of exposure to more intense stimuli.
Sensitisation
The phenomenal, ____ ____ (LTP), is this: one or more axons connected to a dendrite bombard it with a rapid series of stimuli. The burst of intense stimulation leaves some of the synapses potentiated (more responsive to new input of the same type) for minutes, days or weeks.
long-term potentiation
____ – if some of the synapses onto the cell have been highly active and others have not, only the active ones become strengthened.
Specificity
____ – nearly simultaneous stimulation by two or more exons produces LTP much more strongly than does repeated stimulation by just one axon.
Cooperativity
____ – pairing a weak input with a strong input enhances later response to the weak input.
Associativity
The opposite change, ____ ____ (LTD), is a prolonged decrease in response at a synapse, occurs for axons that have been less active than others.
long-term depression
The ____ ____ is excited by the neurotransmitter glutamate, but it can also respond to a drug called AMPA.
AMPA receptor
