2a. Organelles

Question 1

list 4 functional characteristics of cells

Answer 1

cell metabolism and energy use.
synthesis of molecules.
communication.
reproduction and inheritance.

Question 2

Function: plasma membrane

Answer 2

encloses and supports cellular contents.
controls what moves in and out of the cell.

Question 3

Structure: plasma membrane

Answer 3

contains receptors (proteins)
Phospholipid bilayer
hydrophilic heads, hydrophobic tails

Question 4

what makes up the outer surface of the plasma membrane? And what does it contain?

Answer 4

Glycocaylx.
contains glycoproteins, glyoclipids and carbohydrates

Question 5

Function: cytoplasm

Answer 5

contains organelles.
cellular fluid material outside the nucleus.

Question 6

Structure: cytoplasm

Answer 6

cytosol: fluid portion of cytoplasm.
contains ions and proteins.

Question 7

Function: cytoskeleton

Answer 7

supports the cell and its organelles.
provides a framework for the shape of the cell.

Question 8

Function: nucleus

Answer 8

“control centre”
contains DNA

Question 9

what is the DNA found in a cells’ nucleus for?

Answer 9

DNA found in the nucleus of the cell contains the code for the structural and functional characteristics of the cell.

Question 10

Structure: nucleus

Answer 10

nuclear envelope
nucleoplasm
nucleolus

Question 11

Function: ribosomes

Answer 11

site of protein synthesis
area where amino acids are assembled into chains of proteins.

Question 12

Function: rough ER

Answer 12

synthesise and modify proteins

Question 13

Structure: rough ER

Answer 13

ribosomes attached
fattened, interconnecting sacs and tubules.

Question 14

Function: smooth ER

Answer 14

site of lipid, steroid and carbohydrate synthesis.
detoxification of harmful substances.

Question 15

where in the cell does the breakdown of glycogen for glucose occur?

Answer 15

smooth ER

Question 16

Function: golgi apparatus

Answer 16

modifies, packages and distributes proteins and lipids that are made in the rough ER

Question 17

where do the proteins go that are distributed by the golgie apparatus?

Answer 17

for the secretion or internal use by the cell

Question 18

structure: golgi apparatus

Answer 18

flattened membranous sacs, with cisternae

Question 19

function: lysosome

Answer 19

digestion of molecules that are no longer needed by the cell

Question 20

structure: lysosome

Answer 20

membrane bound vesicles that form at the golgi apparatus
contain enzymes

Question 21

function: mitochondria

Answer 21

cellular respiration
produces and supplies ATP

Question 22

structure: mitochondria

Answer 22

outer membrane, intermembrane space, inner membrane
matrix

Question 23

why might have a cell have a greater amount of mitochondria?

Answer 23

in cardiac cells when energy requirements are higher.

Question 24

function: centrioles

Answer 24

cell division

Question 25

structure: centrioles

Answer 25

Barrel shaped organelles oriented at right angles to each other

Question 26

function: cilia

Answer 26

Movement of substances across the surface of cells

Question 27

structure: cilia

Answer 27

Whip-like motile cellular extensions which project from the outer surfaces of certain cells

Question 28

function: flagella

Answer 28

motility

Question 29

where are flagella found?

Answer 29

human sperm cells

Question 30

function: microvilli

Answer 30

increase the cell's surface area