3a. Digestive System Anatomy

Question 1

what is the alimentary tract?

Answer 1

continuous long tube from mouth to anus.

Question 2

what are the 7 major parts of the digestive system?

Answer 2

Oral cavity
pharynx
oesophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
anus

Question 3

what are the 3 accessory organs of the small intestine?

Answer 3

gall bladder, liver, pancreas

Question 4

what connects the stomach and transverse colon together

Answer 4

greater omentum

Question 5

Why does the mesentery proper contain a lot of blood vessels?

Answer 5

because it is the way in which nutrients are moved from the small intestine back into circulation.

Question 6

6 functions of the digestive system

Answer 6

ingestion
mastication
secretion
digestion
absorption
elimination

Question 7

describe the histology of the digestive system

Answer 7

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa/adventitia.

Question 8

what causes peritstalsis and segmentation?

Answer 8

Waves of smooth muscle contractions and relaxations.

Question 9

what are messentries?

Answer 9

peritoneum which connects organs together and small intestine to back body wall. Routes by which vessels and nerves pass from body wall to organ

Question 10

what is lesser omentum?

Answer 10

connects stomach to liver and diaphragm.

Question 11

where is the hard palette located in relation to the soft palette?

Answer 11

anterior to the soft palette

Question 12

what does masticated food turn in to?

Answer 12

bolus

Question 13

how many incisiors, canine’s, pre-molars and molars are in an adult set of teeth?

Answer 13

incisiors - 8
canines - 4
premolars - 8
molars 12

Question 14

saliva function

Answer 14

protects oral cavity, moistens, lubricates and digests food.

Question 15

what is amalyse?

Answer 15

enzyme found in saliva that breaks down carbohydrates into small sugars.

Question 16

what are the 3 salivary gland pairs?

Answer 16

Parotid gland, sublingual gland, submandibular gland

Question 17

what does the pharynx connect?

Answer 17

connects oral cavity to oesophagus

Question 18

function of the uvula

Answer 18

prevents food/drink from entering the nasopharynx.

Question 19

where does the oesophagus lay in relation to the trachea?

Answer 19

lies posteriorly to the trachea

Question 20

what are the 3 phases of swallowing?

Answer 20

voluntary, pharyngeal, oesophageal

Question 21

what is the name of the sphincter between the oesophagus and stomach?

Answer 21

gastroesophogeal sphincter

Question 22

what is the name of the sphincter between the stomach and duodenum?

Answer 22

pyloric sphincter

Question 23

what are the 3 parts of the stomach excluding the pyloric sphincter

Answer 23

cardiac, fundus, body

Question 24

what is rugae and what is its function?

Answer 24

folds in stomach wall that allow stomach to stretch after eating.
function: increase SA

Question 25

how long does water take to exit the stomach after ingestion?

Answer 25

Water takes 1-2 hours to exit via kidneys and urethra after ingestion.

Question 26

3 division of the SI

Answer 26

duodenum, Jejunum,ileum (DJi)

Question 27

what are plicae circulares?

Answer 27

circular folds in the wall of the small intestine.

Question 28

what region is the duodenum located in?

Answer 28

Located in epigastric and umbilical regions.

Question 29

what region is the jejunum located in?

Answer 29

Located in the left lumbar and umbilical region.

Question 30

why does the jejeunum have extensive villi?

Answer 30

most of the nutrients ansorpotion occurs here.

Question 31

what region is the ileum located in?

Answer 31

Located in the hypogastric region.

Question 32

what organ makes the bile, and what organ stores it?

Answer 32

makes - liver stores - gall bladder

Question 33

functions of the liver

Answer 33

Filters nutrient rich blood coming from the small intestine (portal system) Stores glucose, as glycogen, and lipids for energy Detoxification of drugs and toxin

Question 34

function of bile

Answer 34

emulsifies fats/lipids

Question 35

what does the pancreas produce?

Answer 35

digestive enzymes insulin and glucagon for blood sugar homeostasis

Question 36

lipase breaks down lipids, what does pancreatic amalyse and trypsin break down?

Answer 36

pancreatic amalyse - carbs trypsin - proteins

Question 37

what does bacteria synthesise from in the LI?

Answer 37

vitamin B and K

Question 38

what amount of chyme enters the cecum?

Answer 38

1500mL

Question 39

what do goblet cells produce?

Answer 39

mucous

Question 40

what is mechanical digestion?

Answer 40

breaks down large food particles to smaller ones.

Question 41

what is chemical digestion?

Answer 41

breaking of covalent bonds by digestive enzymes.

Question 42

where is water and nutrients absorbed from

Answer 42

water - LI nutrients - SI

Question 43

what organ moves molecules out of the digestive tract and into circulation through the body?

Answer 43

the liver