2c. Connective, Muscle and Nervous Tissue

Question 1

what is the most abundant and widely spread tissue in the body?

Answer 1

connective tissue

Question 2

8 functions of connective tissue

Answer 2

connects and binds
supports
strengthens
protects
insulates
compartmentalises
transports
provides energy

Question 3

what 3 substances is connective tissue composed of

Answer 3

cells, ground substance, fibres

Question 4

list 5 cells of connective tissue

Answer 4

adipose cells
fibroblasts
mast cells
WBC
macrophages

Question 5

function of fibroblasts

Answer 5

secrete fibres and ground substances

Question 6

what is ground substance made up of?

Answer 6

ions and proteins

Question 7

3 fibres of connective tissue

Answer 7

collagen
elastic
reticular

Question 8

4 classes of CT

Answer 8

CT proper
cartilage
bone
blood

Question 9

what are the 3 types of loose CT proper tissue

Answer 9

areolar, adipose, reticular

Question 10

what is the function of areolar CT?

Answer 10

loose packing, support, binding other tissues

Question 11

what is the function of adipose CT?

Answer 11

nutrient-storing ability, shock absorption and protection, insulation of body

Question 12

what is the function of reticular CT?

Answer 12

provides a framework to be supportive of other cells

Question 13

what are the 3 types of dense CT proper tissue

Answer 13

regular
irregular
elastic

Question 14

what is the function of regular CT?

Answer 14

involved in attachment.

Question 15

what is the function of irregular CT?

Answer 15

provide strength and stretch in all different directions.

Question 16

what is the function of elastic CT?

Answer 16

Allows for stretch, strength and recoil

Question 17

true or false? cartilage is avascular but not innervated

Answer 17

true

Question 18

cartilage function

Answer 18

provide protection, flexibility, rigidity, and capable of withstanding pressure.

Question 19

3 types of cartilage

Answer 19

Hyaline cartilage
elastic cartilage
Fibrocartilage
(HEF)

Question 20

where is hyaline cartilage found?

Answer 20

most abundant and found in the rib cage, trachea, articulating surfaces of bones and nose.

Question 21

where is fibrocartilage found?

Answer 21

found in intervertebral discs, and pubic symphysis

Question 22

bone function

Answer 22

Supports and protects the structures within the body

Question 23

bone composition

Answer 23

Composed of osteocyte cells and matrix

Question 24

why can a bone heal after a break

Answer 24

extensive blood supply

Question 25

2 bone types

Answer 25

spongey compact

Question 26

where is spongey bone found?

Answer 26

found at the end of long bone, sternum, vertebrae and pelvis.

Question 27

where is compact bone found?

Answer 27

found in the shaft of long bone, and makes up the outer portion of all bones.

Question 28

describe blood in terms of its tissue classificaiton

Answer 28

Atypical connective tissue (doesn't support or connect)

Question 29

muscle tissue composition

Answer 29

Highly cellular, well vascularised (extensive blood supply) and responsible for tension and body movements

Question 30

3 types of muscle tissue

Answer 30

skeletal cardiac smooth

Question 31

what happens when skeletal muscle contracts?

Answer 31

When it contracts, it moves the bones of the skeleton and it moves our body

Question 32

what homeostatic mechanism is skeletal muscle important for?

Answer 32

regulating body temperature as it plays a key role in metabolism

Question 33

why are muscle fibres striated?

Answer 33

due to repeat linear organisation of actin and myosin (myofibers), inside each of these cells

Question 34

true or false? muscle fibres are multinucleated

Answer 34

true

Question 35

are skeletal muscles always under voluntary control?

Answer 35

no, twitching can be involuntary

Question 36

function of cardiac muscle

Answer 36

contract to generate a pressure/force, which moves blood throughout our arteries.

Question 37

what can cardiac muscle change the rate and force of?

Answer 37

the rate and force of contractions to meet metabolic needs of the body

Question 38

from outer to inner, what 3 layers does the heart wall consist of?

Answer 38

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

Question 39

describe the epicaridum

Answer 39

outermost surface of the heart wall. serous membrane - visceral pericardium underlying fatty connective tissue containing blood vessels and nerves

Question 40

describe the myocardium

Answer 40

middle muscular layer of the heart wall cardiomyocytes live here thick layer

Question 41

describe the endocardium

Answer 41

innermost layer of the heart wall inner layer of simple squamous epithelium

Question 42

structure of cardiomyocytes

Answer 42

Striated muscle with intercalated disks - special junction between two cells, allowing cells to work together. Cells are branched with central nucle lots of mitochondria

Question 43

true or false? cardiomyocytes can regenerate after injury

Answer 43

false

Question 44

where is smooth muscle found?

Answer 44

Found mainly in the walls of hollow organs or tubes (blood vessels, or tube carrying air (trachea), carrying food (oesophagus).

Question 45

smooth muscle is in control of vasodilation and vasoconstriction, why is this so?

Answer 45

smooth muscle has the ability to contract or relax

Question 46

structure of smooth muscle

Answer 46

no striation one nucleus per muscle cell spindle shapes

Question 47

true or false? smooth muscle can regenerate after injury

Answer 47

true

Question 48

true or false? smooth muscle is involuntary

Answer 48

true

Question 49

where is nervous tissue found

Answer 49

in the nervous system

Question 50

what does nervous tissue consist of?

Answer 50

neurons and neuroglia

Question 51

what conducts an action potential?

Answer 51

neurons

Question 52

function of neuroglia

Answer 52

act to nourish, protect, and insulate neurons