6. Cardiovascular system and cardiac cycle

Question 1

4 pulse points

Answer 1

• Facial
  
  • Carotid
  • Brachial
  • Radial

Question 2

what does a pulse reflect?

Answer 2

The pulse reflects the rate at which blood is ejected from the heart into the aorta

Question 3

where can a pulse be felt?

Answer 3

A pulse can be felt where artery rests on bone.

Question 4

what are the three functions of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 4

transport
protect
regulate

Question 5

where is the heart located?

Answer 5

Thoracic cavity, obliquely in the mediastinum, medial to two lungs, superior to diaphragm

Question 6

are the atria walls thinner than the ventricle walls?

Answer 6

yes.,Thin atrial walls and thicker ventricular walls

Question 7

what are the 3 layers of the heart wall, from outer to inner

Answer 7

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

Question 8

describe the endocardium

Answer 8

smooth inner surface of heart chambers, simple squamous epithelium over areolar tissue, covers valve surface and continuous with endothelium

Question 9

role of the right atrium

Answer 9

Receives deoxygenated blood returning from the body through three openings

Question 10

where does the right ventricle open to?

Answer 10

the pulmonary trunk

Question 11

role of the left atrium

Answer 11

Receive oxygenated blood returning from lungs through four openings

Question 12

which chamber is the thickest walled?

Answer 12

the left ventricle

Question 13

how is blood pumped into the left atrium?

Answer 13

by left and right pulmonary veins from pulmonary circulation

Question 14

how is blood pumped out of the right ventricle?

Answer 14

by pulmonary trunk to pulmonary circulatio

Question 15

what is the name of the valve on the right side of the heart?

Answer 15

tricuspid valve

Question 16

what is the name of the valve on the left side of the heart?

Answer 16

bicuspid valve

Question 17

function of valves

Answer 17

Valves prevent backflow of blood

Question 18

why does a valve have Chordae tendineae?

Answer 18

strings connecting valve cusps to papillary muscles, prevent AV valves from bulging into atria

Question 19

describe pulmonary circulation

Answer 19

deoxygenated blood is transported to lungs for oxygenation and then returned to heart

Question 20

describe systemic circulation

Answer 20

oxygenated blood is transported to body tissues and then returned to heart

Question 21

provide a one sentence overview of the cardiac cycle

Answer 21

Repetitive contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) of heart chambers

Question 22

describe one nervous system control of the cardiac cycle

Answer 22

Re-route blood flow away from skin and viscera towards brain and cardiac muscle in response to blood loss/injury

Question 23

where do action potentials orginate in the heart?

Answer 23

sinoatrial node

Question 24

what carries action potentials from right and left bundle branches, to the ventricular walls and papillary muscles?

Answer 24

purkinje fibres

Question 25

why are RBC biconcave shape and contain no nucleus?

Answer 25

to provide greater SA, hence more O2 carrying capacity

Question 26

provide 3 types of WBC

Answer 26

Neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils

Question 27

true or false? arteries contain blood under pressure

Answer 27

true