9. Central Nervous System

Question 1

what can the spinal cord be divided into?

Answer 1

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal regions

Question 2

describe the dura mater?

Answer 2

subdural space - serous fluid
(durable)

Question 3

describe the pia mater?

Answer 3

has many small blood vessels

Question 4

describe the arachnoid mater?

Answer 4

subarachnoid space - cerebrospinal fluid and blood vessels

Question 5

what neurons travel through the dorsal root, and ventral root?

Answer 5

dorsal - sensory
ventral - motor

Question 6

where are cell bodies of motor neurons stored?

Answer 6

horns of grey matter

Question 7

describe endoneurium

Answer 7

Surrounds each axon and its associated Schwann cell

Question 8

describe perineurium

Answer 8

Surrounds a group of axons or a nerve fascicle

Question 9

describe epineurium

Answer 9

Surrounds a group of fascicles

Question 10

what parts of the brain are apart of the brain stem?

Answer 10

midbrain
hindbrain- pons, medulla oblongata

Question 11

describe the function of medulla oblongata

Answer 11

Cardiovascular centre
Respiratory centre
other reflexes - swallowing, coughing

Question 12

where are the conduction tracts located?

Answer 12

pons

Question 13

describe longitudinal and transverse tracts

Answer 13

Longitudinal tracts from the spinal cord to higher brain centres
Transverse tracts from the cerebrum (motor cortex) to the cerebellum

Question 14

what part of the brain is responsible for rapid eye movement

Answer 14

pons

Question 15

midbrain function

Answer 15

receives visual, auditory, and tactile sensory input, generating reflex movements of the head, eyes and body
Controls eyeball movements - constriction, restriction

Question 16

what structure is inferior to the diencephalon?

Answer 16

midbrain

Question 17

what amount of neuron is contained in the cerebellum?

Answer 17

Contains half the amount of neurons in the entire brain

Question 18

funciton of the cerebellum

Answer 18

Controls fine motor control, coordination, posture, balance

Question 19

what is the main function of the hypothalamus?

Answer 19

Maintains homeostasis via the endocrine system

Question 20

what is gyri?

Answer 20

elevated tissue or folds

Question 21

what is sulci and fissures?

Answer 21

grooves
deep grooves

Question 22

what are the two cerebral hemispheres separated by?

Answer 22

the longitudinal fissure

Question 23

what does the lateral fissure separate?

Answer 23

separates temporal lobe from rest of cerebrum

Question 24

what does the central sulcus separate?

Answer 24

separates frontal lobe from parietal lobe

Question 25

function of precentral gyrus

Answer 25

primary somatic motor cortex

Question 26

function of postcentral gyrus

Answer 26

primary somatic sensory cortex

Question 27

frontal lobe function

Answer 27

Voluntary motor function, motivation, planning, aggression, sense of smell, regulation of emotional behaviour and mood

Question 28

parietal lobe function

Answer 28

Area which receives most of the sensory input, except for smell, hearing, taste and vision

Question 29

temporal lobe function

Answer 29

Receives and process smell and hearing, has a role in memory

Question 30

occipital lobe function

Answer 30

Receives and processes visual input (sight)

Question 31

insula lobe function

Answer 31

Receives and processes taste information

Question 32

describe corpus callosum

Answer 32

connects two cerebral hemispheres together

Question 33

location of limbic system

Answer 33

Runs through the medial aspect of left and right cerebral hemisphere

Question 34

what happens if theres damage to the limbic system?

Answer 34

memory impairment

Question 35

what is the most superficial layer of meninges in the brain?

Answer 35

Periosteal dura

Question 36

what structure stops excessive movement of the brain?

Answer 36

Dural folds - connective tissue partitions extending deep into brain:

Question 37

location of pia mater in the brain

Answer 37

sits tightly over brain inferior to arachnoid mater

Question 38

where is CSF produced?

Answer 38

the ventricles

Question 39

anatomy of the autonomic NS

Answer 39

2 neuron arrangement Cell body located in lateral horn of spinal cord, and autonomic ganglion Two synapses

Question 40

Responses generated by both ANS divisions regulates:

Answer 40

HR BP Airways in lungs Digestive tracts Glands (salivary, gastric, lacrimal) Pupil of eye