4a. the Respiratory System Flashcards
(22 cards)
what is ventilation?
movement of air in and out of the lungs
what is external respiration?
gaseous exchange between blood and lungs
what is respiratory gas transport?
blood through whole body
what is internal respiration?
gaseous exchange between blood and tissues
what is normal blood pH?
7.35-7.45
how can sound be changed?
By changing the tension of the vocal folds, sound can change
what is the organisation of the respiratory system, beginning from the nares, and ending at the alveoli
nares
nasal cavity
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
alveolar duct
alveoli
what are the functional classifications of the respiratory system?
conducting zone
respiratory zone
functions of nasal cavity
Passageway for air
Hair - filter coarse particles from the inspired air
Lysosome - kill bacteria
Rich capillary network - maintain temperature of inhaled and exhaled air
why does the nasal cavity have conchae and meatuses?
increase mucosal surface, create turbulence facilitating above functions
describe the pharynx
Tube-like structure which has the nasal cavity and oral cavity on the anterior side
what are the 3 regions of the pharynx?
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
what are the 3 unpaired cartilages that make up the larynx?
thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis
what are the 3 paired cartilages that make up the larynx?
arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform
list 4 functions of the larynx
Maintains an open passageway for air movement (cartilages)
Directs food into oesophagus away from the respiratory tract
Sound protection via vocal folds
Traps debris from entering lungs (cilia and mucus)
describe the trachea
Tough but flexible membranous tube, approx. 10-12cm long and 2cm in diameter
structure of the trachea
15-20 C Shaped hyaline cartilage rings with smooth muscle in between
list 5 functions of the trachea
Cartilages keep the airway open
Trachealis muscle facilitates ease of peristaltic movement in oesophagus
Contraction of trachealis muscle causes expired air to rush out with greater force.
Cleansing of air breathed in.
Sensitive nature of carina triggers coughing to expel foreign particles
why does alveoli have simple squamous epithelium lining?
faster gaseous exchange can occur into the lungs, providing more oxygen in and more waste out
describe the structure of the right lung
three lobes (superior, medial, inferior)
separated by two fissures (horizontal, oblique)
describe the structure of the left lung
two lobes (superior and inferior)
separated by one fissure (oblique)
what is the hilum?
Indentation on medial surface, entry/exit point for blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels and bronchi
