3 - Kines - Unit 1 - Shoulder & Arm

Question 1

Muscles Origins, Insertion & actions - Deltoid

Answer 1

The “shoulder” muscle

[Origin]
Spine of the scapula
Acromion process of the scapula
Lateral third of the clavicle

[Insertion]
Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus (lateral mid-humeral shaft)

[Action]
Flexion of the shoulder
Extension of the shoulder
Abduction of the shoulder

Question 2

Muscles Origins, Insertion & actions - Trapezius

Answer 2

[Origin]
Base of the skull
Nuchal ligament
Spinous processes of C7-T12

[Insertion]
Spine of the scapula
Acromion process of the scapula
Lateral third of the clavicle

[Action]
Elevation of the scapula
Depression of the scapula
Retraction of the scapula

Question 3

Muscles Origins, Insertion & actions - Latissimus Dorsi

Answer 3

The broadest muscle of the back

[Origin]
Spinous processes of T7-Sacrum
Thoracolumbar Aponeurosis
Iliac crest

[Insertion]
Crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus

[Action]
Adduction of the shoulder
Extension of the shoulder
Internal rotation of the shoulder

Question 4

Muscles Origins, Insertion & actions - Teres Major

Answer 4

[Origin]
Inferior angle of the scapula
Lower lateral border of the scapula

[Insertion]
Crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus

[Action]
Adduction of the shoulder
Extension of the shoulder
Internal rotation of the shoulder

Question 5

Muscles Origins, Insertion & actions - Rotator cuff muscles

Answer 5

SITS

• Supraspinatus
• Infraspinatus
• Teres Minor
• Subscapularis

Question 6

Muscles Origins, Insertion & Actions - Rotator cuff muscles - Supraspinatus

Answer 6

[Origin]
Supraspinous fossa of the scapula

[Insertion]
Greater tubercle of the humerus

[Action]
Abduction of the shoulder

Question 7

Muscles Origins, Insertion & Actions - Rotator cuff muscles - Infraspinatus

Answer 7

[Origin]
Infraspinous fossa of the scapula

[Insertion]
Greater tubercle of the humerus

[Action]
External rotation of the shoulder

Question 8

Muscles Origins, Insertion & Actions - Rotator cuff muscles - Teres Minor

Answer 8

[Origin]
Upper lateral border of the scapula

[Insertion]
Greater tubercle of the humerus

[Action]
External rotation of the shoulder

Question 9

Muscles Origins, Insertion & Actions - Rotator cuff muscles - Subscapularis

Answer 9

[Origin]
Subscapular fossa of the scapula

[Insertion]
Lesser tubercle of the humerus

[Action]
Internal rotation of the shoulder

Question 10

Muscles Origins, Insertion & Actions - Rhomboids (major and Minor)

Answer 10

[Origin]
Spinous processes C7-T5

[Insertion]
Medial border of the scapula

[Action]
Retraction of the scapula

Question 11

Muscles Origins, Insertion & Actions - Serratus Anterior

Answer 11

[Origin]
Anterior surface of the first eight ribs

[Insertion]
Medial border of the scapula

[Action]
Protraction of the scapula

Question 12

Muscles Origins, Insertion & Actions - Levator scapula

Answer 12

[Origin]
Transverse processes of C1-C4

[Insertion]
Superior angle of the scapula

[Action]
Elevation of the scapula

Question 13

Muscles Origins, Insertion & Actions - Pectoralis Major

Answer 13

[Origin]
Sternum
Ribs
Medial half of the clavicle

[Insertion]
Crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus

[Action]
Adduction of the shoulder
Internal rotation of the shoulder
Horizontal adduction of the shoulder

Question 14

Muscles Origins, Insertion & Actions - Pectoralis Minor

Answer 14

[Origin]
Anterior surface of the 3rd, 4th & 5th ribs

[Insertion]
Coracoid process of the scapula

[Action]
Protraction of the scapula
Depression of the scapula

Question 15

Muscles Origins, Insertion & Actions - Coracobrachialis

Answer 15

[Origin]
Coracoid process of the scapula

[Insertion]
Medial surface of mid-humeral shaft

[Action]
Flexion of the shoulder
Adduction of the shoulder

Question 16

Muscles that form the auxiliary (= arm pit) borders

Answer 16

• Lattissimus dorsi
• Teres major
• Pectoralis major

Question 17

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)

Test bonus question: write definition

Answer 17

A tight pectoralis minor can compress the neurovascular bundle of the upper extremity causing pain, abnormal sensations and weakness in the upper extremity

Question 18

Shoulder Complex or pectoral Girdles - Bones

Answer 18

6 bones - 3 each side

• Scapula (shoulder blades) - x2
• Humerus (arm bone) - x2
• Clavicle (collar bone) - x2

Question 19

Landsmarks - Definition - Border

Answer 19

An edge of a bone

Question 20

Landsmarks - Definition - Angle

Answer 20

Created by two borders coming together

Question 21

Landsmarks - Definition - Fossa

Answer 21

A shallow depression or dent in a bone

Question 22

Landsmarks - Definition - Process

Answer 22

A prominent bony growth that projects

Question 23

Landsmarks - Definition - Tubercle

Answer 23

A small, rounded process

Tendon attachement point

Question 24

Landsmarks - Definition - Head

Answer 24

A rounded projection at the end of a bone at an articulation

Question 25

Landsmarks - Definition - Sulcus

Answer 25

A ditch like groove

Question 26

Landsmarks - Definition - Tuberosity

Answer 26

A large, rounded, usually roughened protuberance

Question 27

Landsmarks - Definition - Aponeurosis

Answer 27

A board sheet of connective tissue

Question 28

Landsmarks - Scapula

Answer 28

- Medial (Vertebral) border - Lateral (Axiliary) border - Superior angle - Inferior angle - Spine of the scapula - Subscapular fossa (on the anterieur surface - under the scapula) - Supraspinous fossa (on the posterior surface of the scapula, above the spine of the scapula) - Infraspinous fossa (on the posterior of the scapula below the spine of the scapula) - Glenoid fossa (most lateral fossa of the scapula = shoudler joint ?) - Acromion process - Coracoid process - Supraglenoid tubercle - Infraglenoid tubercle

Question 29

Landsmark - Humerus (proximal end)

Answer 29

- Head - Greater tubercle (larger and lateral) - Lesser tubercle (smaller and medial) - Intertubercular groove (aka bicipital sulcus) - Crest of the greater tubercle - Crest of the lesser tubercle - Deltoid tuberosity

Question 30

Landsmark - Clavicle

Answer 30

- Acromial (lateral) end - connects the clavicle to the scapula - Sternal (medial) end - connects the clavicle to the sternum

Question 31

Landsmark - Miscellaneous structures

Answer 31

- Spinous and transverse processes of vertebra - Nuchal ligament (attaches to the posterior portions of the cervical vertebrae) - Thoracolumbar aponeurosis - Iliac crest (top edge of the flat portion of the hip bone) - Sacrum - Ribs and Sternum (breast bone)

Question 32

Shoulder Complex or pectoral Girdles - 4 Joints

Answer 32

``` 3 true joints - Synovial or Freely Movable joints - Sternoclavicular joint - Acromioclavicular joint - Glonohumeral joint Not a true joint - Scapulothoracic joint ```

Question 33

Shoulder Complex or pectoral Girdles - Sternoclavicular joint

Answer 33

- AKA SC joint or SCJ | - Formed by the sternum and the medial clavicle

Question 34

Shoulder Complex or pectoral Girdles - Acromioclavicular joint

Answer 34

- AKA AC joint or ACJ | - Formed by the acromion process of the scapula and lateral clavicle

Question 35

Shoulder Complex or pectoral Girdles - Glonohumeral joint

Answer 35

- AKA GH joint or GHJ | - Formed by the glenoid fossa of the scapula and the head of the humerus

Question 36

Shoulder Complex or pectoral Girdles - Scapulothoracic joint

Answer 36

- AKA ST joint or STJ | - Location where the scapula slides upon the thorax

Question 37

Movements - Flexion

Answer 37

Decrease of the angle in a joint by bringing bones together

Question 38

Movements- Extension

Answer 38

Increase of the angle in a joint by bringing bones apart

Question 39

Movements - Abduction

Answer 39

Lateral movement away from the midline of the trunk of the body

Question 40

Movements - Adduction

Answer 40

Medial movement towards the midline of the trunk of the body

Question 41

Movements - External rotation

Answer 41

Rotary movement around the axis of the limb away from the midline

Question 42

Movements - Internal rotation

Answer 42

Rotary movement around the axis of a limb towards the midline

Question 43

Movements - Horizontal abduction

Answer 43

Abduction of a limb (away from midline) in the transverse plane

Question 44

Movements - Horizontal adduction

Answer 44

Adduction of a limb (toward midline) in the transverse plane

Question 45

Movements - Elevation

Answer 45

Movement superiorly

Question 46

Movements - Depression

Answer 46

Movement inferiorly

Question 47

Movements - Retraction

Answer 47

Movements backwards towards the spine

Question 48

Movements - Protraction

Answer 48

Movements forwards away from the spine

Question 49

Movements - Shoulder movements | + Glenohumeral joint / Humeral Movements / Arm

Answer 49

- Flexion of the shoulder - Extension of the shoulder - Abduction of the shoulder - Adduction of the shoulder - External (lateral) of the shoulder - Internal (medial) of the shoulder - Horizontal Abduction of the shoulder - aka Horizontal Extension - Horizontal Adduction of the shoulder - aka Horizontal Flexion

Question 50

Movements - Scapula movements | Scapulothoracic joint

Answer 50

- Elevation of the scapula - Depression of the scapula - Retraction (adduction) of the scapula - Protraction (abduction) of the scapula

Question 51

Movements - Shoulder flexion

Answer 51

- Deltoid (primary) | - Coracobrachialis

Question 52

Movements - Shoulder extension

Answer 52

- Deltoid - Lats - Teres Major

Question 53

Movements - Shoulder abduction

Answer 53

- Deltoid | - Supraspinatus

Question 54

Movements - Shoulder adduction

Answer 54

- Lats - Teres Major - Pectoralis Major

Question 55

Movements - Shoulder internal rotation

Answer 55

- Subscapularis - Pectoralis major - Lats - Teres Major

Question 56

Movements - Shoulder external rotation

Answer 56

- Infraspinatus | - Teres Minor

Question 57

Movements - Shoulder elevation

Answer 57

- Levator scapula | - Trapezius

Question 58

Movements - Shoulder depression

Answer 58

- Trapezius | - Pectoralis Minor

Question 59

Movements - Scapula protraction

Answer 59

- Serratus anterior | - Pectoralis Minor

Question 60

Movements - Scapula retraction

Answer 60

- Rhomboid | - Trapezius