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RMT - LtB > 3 - Kines - Unit 5 - Spine & Thorax > Flashcards

3 - Kines - Unit 5 - Spine & Thorax Flashcards

(38 cards)

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1
Q

Spine & Thorax - Bones

A

50 bones in the spine and thorax

  • Vertebrea - back bones - x24 (some sources indicate 33 spinal bones or vertebrae)
  • Sacrum - base of the spine - x1
  • Coccyx - tail bone - x1
  • Sternum - breast bone - x1
  • Ribs - x24
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2
Q

Spine & Thorax - Landmarks - Vertebrae

A
  • Cervical vertebrae - x7 (incl: C1 = atlas & C2 = axis)
  • Thoracic vertebrae - x12
  • Lumbar vertebrae - x5
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3
Q

Spine & Thorax - Landmarks - Vertebrae - Bony structures & landmarks common to all vertebrae

A
  • Spinous process
  • Transverse process
  • Vertebral body
  • Vertebral foramen
  • Lamina
  • Superior articular facet
  • Inferior articular facet
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4
Q

Spine & Thorax - Landmarks - Vertebrae - Definitions - Process

A

Prominent bony growth that projects

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5
Q

Spine & Thorax - Landmarks - Vertebrae - Definitions - Body

A

A wedge shaped piece of bone

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6
Q

Spine & Thorax - Landmarks - Vertebrae - Definitions - Foramen

A

Hole in a bone

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7
Q

Spine & Thorax - Landmarks - Vertebrae - Definitions - Facet

A

Small, flat articular surface

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8
Q

Spine & Thorax - Landmarks - Sacrum

A

Strats out as 5 separate sacral vertebrae that fuse

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9
Q

Spine & Thorax - Landmarks - Coccyx

A

Strats out as 5 separate sacral vertebrae that fuse

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10
Q

Spine & Thorax - Landmarks - Sternum

A

Starts out as 3 separate bones

  • Manubrium - superior portion
  • Body - middle portion
  • Xiphoid process - inferior portion
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11
Q

Spine & Thorax - Landmarks - Ribs

A

x24 ribs

  • 7 pairs directly articulate with the sternum
  • 3 pairs indirectly articulate with the sternum
  • 2 pairs are “floating” - do not articulate with the sternum
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12
Q

Spine & Thorax - Landmarks - Ribs - Bony structures & landmarks common to all ribs

A
  • Head
  • Neck
  • Tubercle
  • Angle
  • Sternal end
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13
Q

Spine & Thorax - Landmarks - Other structures - Definition - Aponeurosis

A

Broad sheet of connective tissue

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14
Q

Spine & Thorax - Landmarks - Other structures to be ware of

A
  • Thoracolumbar aponeurosis (broad sheet of connective tissue)
  • Abdominal apneurosis
  • Lineal alba
  • Costal cartilage - connects to the sternum
  • Pubic symphysis
  • Iliac crest
  • Inguinal ligament
  • Ligamentum nuchae
  • Abdominal aorta
  • Anterior longitudinal ligament
  • Posterior longitudinal ligament
  • Ligamentum flavum
  • Supraspinous ligament
  • Interspinous ligament
  • Intervertebral disc (annulus fibrosis & nucleus pulposus)
  • Intervertebral foramen (formed by vertebrae where nerves exit spinal cord)
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15
Q

Spine & Thorax - Joints

A
  • Intervertebral joints
  • Costovertebral joints
  • Costosternal joints
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16
Q

Spine & Thorax - Joints - Intervertebral joints

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A

Amphiarthritic joints formed by vertebral bodies & intervertebral discs

17
Q

Spine & Thorax - Joints - Costovertebral joints

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A

Diarthritic joints formed by a rib and the vertebral bodies

18
Q

Spine & Thorax - Joints - Costosternal joints

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A

Formed by the union of the ribs to the sternum via hyaline cartilage

19
Q

Spine & Thorax - Movements - Spine / Trunk / Neck

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A
  • Flexion of the trunk
  • Extension of the trunk
  • Lateral flexion of the trunk
  • Rotation of the trunk
20
Q

Spine & Thorax - Definition - Flexion of the trunk

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A

Decrease of the angle in a joint by bringing bone together

21
Q

Spine & Thorax - Definition - Extension of the trunk

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A

Increase of the angle in a joint by moving bones apart

22
Q

Spine & Thorax - Definition - Lateral flexion of the trunk

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A

Decrease of the angle measured on the lateral surface of the spine, trunk or neck

23
Q

Spine & Thorax - Definition - Rotation of the trunk

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A

Twisting the spine, trunk or neck around it’s axis

24
Q

Muscles Origins, Insertions & Actions - Erector Spinae Group

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A

Bungee-cord like muscles running parallel to the spine traveling from spinal segment below to several spinal segments or ribs above.

  • Iliocostalis - most lateral of the group
  • Longissimus - between the other two
  • Spinalis - most medial of the group

[Action]

  • Extension of the trunk
  • Lateral flexion of the trunk
25
Muscles Origins, Insertions & Actions - Transversospinalis Group
- Multifidi - span 2-4 vertebrae & are more superficial than the Rotatores - Rotatores - span 1-2 vertebrae & are deep to the Multifidi - Semispinalis Capitis [Action] - Multifidi & Rotatores: Extend & rotate the vertebrae - Semispinalis Capitis: Extends vertebral column & neck
26
Muscles Origins, Insertions & Actions - Splenius Capitis
[Origin] - Ligamentum nuchae - Spinous process C7-T3 [Insertion] - Mastoid process - Lateral base of the skull [Action] - Extension of the neck - Lateral flexion of the neck - Rotation of the neck
27
Muscles Origins, Insertions & Actions - Spenius Cervicis
[Origin] - Spinous processes T3-T6 [Insertion] - Transverse processes of upper cervical vertebrae [Action] - Extension of the neck - Lateral flexion of the neck - Rotation of the neck
28
Muscles Origins, Insertions & Actions - Suboccipitals
x8 - Rectus Capitis Posterior Major - Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor - Oblique Capitis Superior - Oblique Capitis Inferior [Action] - Rotation of the skull - Extension of the skull
29
Muscles Origins, Insertions & Actions - Quadratus Lumborum
[Origin] - Posterior iliac crest [Insertion] - Last rib - Transverse process of L1-L4 [Action] - Lateral tilting of the pelvis - Lateral flexion of the trunk - Assists in the extension of the trunk
30
Muscles Origins, Insertions & Actions - Abdominals
- Rectus Abdominis - External Oblique - Internal Oblique - Transverse Abdominis
31
Muscles Origins, Insertions & Actions - Abdominals - Rectus Abdominis
[Origin] - Pubic crest - Pubis symphysis [Insertion] - Cartilage of ribs 5-7 - Xiphoid process [Action] - Flexion of the trunk
32
Muscles Origins, Insertions & Actions - Abdominals - External Oblique
[Origin] - Lower 8 ribs [Insertion] - Anterior part of the iliac crest - Abnominal apneurosis to linea alba [Action] - Flexion of the trunk (bilaterally) - Compress abdominal contents (bilaterally) - Rotation of the trunk (unilaterally) - Lateral flexion of the trunk (unilaterally)
33
Muscles Origins, Insertions & Actions - Abdominals - Internal Oblique
[Origin] - Lateral inguinal ligament - Iliac crest - Thoracolumbar fascia [Insertion] - Internal surface of lower three ribs - Abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba [Action] - Flexion of the trunk (bilaterally) - Compress abdominal contents (bilaterally) - Rotation of the trunk (unilaterally) - Lateral flexion of the trunk (unilaterally)
34
Muscles Origins, Insertions & Actions - Abdominals - Transverse Abdominis
[Origin] - Lateral inguinal ligament - Iliac crest - Thoracolumbar fascia - Internal of lower 6 ribs [Insertion] Abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba [Action] Compresses abdominal contents
35
Muscles Origins, Insertions & Actions - Diaphragm
[Origin] [Insertion] [Action] - Primary muscle of respiration
36
Muscles Origins, Insertions & Actions - Intercostals
Internal & external, both found between the ribs [Origin] [Insertion] [Action] - Assists with respiration
37
Muscles - Muscles of Inspiration (x12)
- Diaphragm - Anterior Scalene - Middle Scalene - Posterior Scalene - Sternocleidomastoid - External Intercostals - Serratus Posterior Superior - Quadratus Lumborum - Pectoralis Major - Pectoralis Minor - Serratus Anterior - Subclavius
38
Muscles - Muscles of Exspiration (x6)
- Internal Intercostals - Serratus Posterior inferior - External Oblique - Internal Oblique - Transverse Abdominis - Quadratus Lumborum

RMT - LtB (24 decks)

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