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RMT - LtB > 3 - Kines - Unit 4 - Leg & Foot > Flashcards

3 - Kines - Unit 4 - Leg & Foot Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Leg & Foot - 58 Bones

A

Includes distal ends of femur

  • Femur (thigh bones) - x2
  • Tibia (medial leg bone) - x2
  • Fibula (lateral leg bone) - x2
  • Tarsals (ankle bones) - x14 (7 per ankle)
  • Metatarsals (foot bones) - x10 (5 per foot)
  • Phalanxes (toe bones) - x28 (14 per foot)
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2
Q

Leg & Foot - Landmarks

A
  • Femur (distal end)
  • Tibia
  • Fibula
  • Tarsals
  • Metatarsals
  • Phalanxes
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3
Q

Landmarks - Definition - Condyle

A

Rounded, knuckle-like projection at the end of a bone usually at a joint

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4
Q

Landmarks - Definition - Tuberoristy

A

Large, rounded, usually roughened protuberance

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5
Q

Leg & Foot - Landmarks - Femur

A

Distal end

  • Medial condyle
  • Lateral condyle
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6
Q

Leg & Foot - Landmarks - Tibia

A
  • Medial condyle (plateau)
  • Lateral condyle (plateau)
  • Tibial tuberosity
  • Soleal line
  • Medial malleolus
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7
Q

Leg & Foot - Landmarks - Fibula

A
  • Head of the fibula

- Lateral malleolus

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8
Q

Leg & Foot - Landmarks - Tarsal

A
  • Calcaneus (heel bones)
  • Talus (“ankle” bone)
  • Navicular
  • Cuboid
  • Medial (1st) cuneiform
  • Middle (2nd) cuneiform
  • Lateral (3rd) cuneiform
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9
Q

Leg & Foot - Landmarks - Metatarsals

A

Numbered 1-5 with big toe being #1

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10
Q

Leg & Foot - Landmarks - Phalanxes

A

First digit/phalange = big toe = hallux/hallex/hallicus/hallicus

Big toe: only 2 phalanxes
Other 4 digits: 3 phalanges per digit

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11
Q

Leg & Foot - Landmarks - Other structures (x8)

A
  • Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
  • Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
  • Medial (tibial) collateral Ligament (MCL)
  • Lateral (fibular) collateral Ligament (LCL)
  • Meniscus of the knee
  • Interosseous membrane - helps hold the two leg bones together
  • Plantar Aponeurosis
  • Arches of the foot
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12
Q

Landmarks - Definition - Aponeurosis

A

Broad sheet of connective tissue

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13
Q

Leg & Foot - Landmarks - Other structures - Arches of the foot

A
  • Medial Longitudinal Arch
  • Lateral Longitudinal Arch
  • Transverse Arch
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14
Q

Leg & Foot - 9 Joints

A
  • Tibiofemoral (knee) joint
  • Proximal tibiofibular joint
  • Distal tibiofibular joint
  • Talocrural joint
  • Midtarsal joints
  • Tarsometatarsal joints
  • Metatarsophalangeals joint (MTP)
  • Proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP)
  • Distal interphalangeal joint (DIP)
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15
Q

Leg & Foot - Joints - Tibiofemoral (knee) joint

A

Hinge joint
Formed by distal femur + proximal tibia

Knee joint also includes patella (which articulates femur)

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16
Q

Leg & Foot - Joints - Proximal tibiofibular joint

A

Gliding joint

Formed by proximal tibia + proximal fibula

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17
Q

Leg & Foot - Joints - Distal tibiofibular joint

A

Gliding joint

Formed by distal tibia + distal fibula

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18
Q

Leg & Foot - Joints - Talocrural joint

A

Modified saddle joint

Formed by distal tibia + distal fibula + talus

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19
Q

Leg & Foot - Joints - Midtarsal joints

A

Gliding joint

Formed by various tarsal

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20
Q

Leg & Foot - Joints - Tarsometatarsal joints

A

Gliding joint

Formed by tarsals + proximal ends of metatarsals

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21
Q

Leg & Foot - Joints - Metatarsophalangeals joint (MTP)

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A

Ellipsoid joint

Formed by distal end of a metatarsal + proximal end of proximal phalanx

22
Q

Leg & Foot - Joints - Proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP)

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A

Hinge joint

Formed by proximal + middle phalanx

23
Q

Leg & Foot - Joints - Distal interphalangeal joint (DIP)

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A

Hinge joint

Formed by middle + distal phalanx

24
Q

Movements - Knee / Leg Movement

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A
  • Flexion of the knee

- Extension of the knee

25
Movements - Knee / Leg Movement - Flexion
Decrease of the angle in a joint by bringing bones together
26
Movements - Knee / Leg Movement - Extension
Increase of the angle in a joint by moving bones apart
27
Movements - Ankle / Foot Movement
- Plantarflexion of the ankle - Dorsiflexion of the ankle - Eversion of the ankle - Inversion of the ankle
28
Movements - Ankle / Foot Movement - Plantarflexion
Flexing the ankle down towards the plantar surface of the foot as if pressing down on a car's brake pedal
29
Movements - Ankle / Foot Movement - Dorsiflexion
Flexing ankle up towards the dorsal surface of the foot | As if walking on one's heels
30
Movements - Ankle / Foot Movement - Eversion
Turning the sole of the foot outward or latterally thus streching the medial aspect of the ankle
31
Movements - Ankle / Foot Movement - Inversion
Turning the sole of the foot inward or medially thus stretching the lateral aspect of the ankle
32
Movements - Toe movements
- Flexion of the toes - Extension of the toes - Abduction of the toes - Adduction of the toes
33
Movements - Toe movements - Flexion
Decrease of angle in a joint by bringing bones together
34
Movements - Toe movements - Extension
Increase of the angle in a joint by moving bones apart
35
Movements - Toe movements - Abduction
Lateral movement away from the midline of the foot
36
Movements - Toe movements - Adduction
Medial movement towards the midline of the foot
37
Muscles Origins, insertions and Actions - Gastrocnemius
Calf muscle [Origin] Posterior surface of the medial and lateral condyles of the femur [Insertion] Calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon [Action] - Plantarflexion of the ankle - Flexion of the knee
38
Muscles Origins, insertions and Actions - Soleus
Under the calf Muscle [Origin] - Soleal line on the posterior tibia - Proximal posterior surface of the fibula [Insertion] - Calcaneus vie the calcaneal tendon [Action] - Plantar flexion of the ankle
39
Muscles Origins, insertions and Actions - Plantaris
Has the longest tendon in the body [Origin] - Lateral condyle of the femur [Insertion] - Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon [Action] - Weak plantar flexion of the ankle - Weak flexion of the knee
40
Muscles Origins, insertions and Actions - Peroneus longus
[Origin] - Proximal two-thirds of lateral bibula [Insertion] - Base of first metatarsal & medial cuneiform [Action] - Eversion of the foot & assists in plantarflexion
41
Muscles Origins, insertions and Actions - Peroneus brevis
[Origin] - Distal two-thirds of lateral fibula [Insertion] - Tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal [Action] - Eversion of the foot - Assists in plantarflexion
42
Muscles Origins, insertions and Actions - Extensors of the ankle & toes
- Tibialis anterior - Extensor digitorum longus - Extensor hallucis longus
43
Muscles Origins, insertions and Actions - Extensors of the ankle & toes - Tibialis anterior
[Origin] - Proximal anterolateral surface of the tibia - Interosseous membrane [Insertion] - Medial cuneiform - Base of first metatarsal [Action] - Dorsiflexion of ankle - Inversion of the foot
44
Muscles Origins, insertions and Actions - Extensors of the ankle & toes - Extensor digitorum longus
[Origin] - Proximal anterior shaft of fibula - Interosseous membrane [Insertion] - Middle phalanxes of the second through fifth toes - Distal phalanxes of the second through fifth toes [Action] - Extension of the second through fifth toes - Dorsiflexion of the ankle - Helps with eversion of the foot
45
Muscles Origins, insertions and Actions - Extensors of the ankle & toes - Extensor hallucis longus
[Origin] - Middle anterior surface of the fibula - Interosseous membrane [Insertion] - Distal phalanx of the first toe [Action] - Extension of the first (big) to, - Dorsiflexion of the ankle - Helps with inversion of the foot
46
Muscles Origins, insertions and Actions - Flexors of the ankle and toe -
- Tibialis posterior - Flexor digitorum longus - Flexor hallucis longus
47
Muscles Origins, insertions and Actions - Flexors of the ankle and toe - Tibialis posterior
[Origin] - Proximal posterolateral surface of the tibia - Interosseous membrane [Insertion] - Various tarsals - Bases of 2nd through 4th metatarsals [Action] - Plantarflexion of the ankle - Inversion of the foot
48
Muscles Origins, insertions and Actions - Flexors of the ankle and toe - Flexor digitorum longus
[Origin] - Middle posterior surface of the tibia [Insertion] - Distal phalanxes of the 2nd through 5th toes [Action] - Flexion of the 2nd through 5th toes - Weak plantarflexion of the ankle - Inversion of the foot
49
Muscles Origins, insertions and Actions - Flexors of the ankle and toe - Flexor hallucis longus
[Origin] - Middle half of posterior fibula [Insertion] - Distal phalanx of the 1st toes [Action] - Flexion of the 1st (big) toe - Weak plantarflexion of the ankle - Inversion of the foot
50
Muscles Origins, insertions and Actions - Muscles of the foot [MBLEx]
- Flexor and Extensor digitorum brevis - Abductor hallucis - Abductor digiti minimi - Quadratus plantae - Interossei - Lumbricals

RMT - LtB (24 decks)

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