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4 - Hydro - 1 - Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Hydrotherapy

A

Application of water in any of its three forms for therapeutic purposes:

  • solid - ice
  • liquid - water
  • vapor - steam
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2
Q

Hydrotherapy - Water

A

Has the ability to absorb in contact heat.
Soothing & nurturing

Solid state: effective cooling agent
Vapor state: facials & steam baths
Liquid state: sprays & immersion baths

Used to:

  • control body temperature
  • cleanse body
  • stimulate circulation
  • administrate chemical solution through the skin
  • for therapeutic exercise
  • encourage relaxation
  • relieve emotional trauma
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3
Q

Hydrotherapy - Water - Temperature

A

Normal internal human body temperature is 98.6°F / 37°C

Water boiling point is 212°F / 100°C
Water freezing point is 32°F / 0°C

Hot water: 98.6°F (above body temperature)
Medium to warm water: 94°F to 96°F (slightly below normal body temperature)
Cool water: 70°F to 80°F
Cold water: 55°F & below

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4
Q

Hydrotherapy - Water - Type of body changes

A

Results of hydrotherapy
- Thermal - 1st the take effect
[produced by application of water temperatures above/below body temp. By bath, wrap, packs]
- Mechanical
[produced by pressure exerted on the body surface by sprays, whirlpool baths & friction]
- Chemical
[Produced by drinking water as an aid to digestion and elimination]

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5
Q

Hydrotherapy - Body reactions to water treatments - Water treatment

A

Based on simple physical property of water: heat, cold & pressure can be conveyed to many blood vessels & nerves in the skin.

Average skin surface temperature: 92°F
Water approximating the skin temperature has no marked affect on the body.
The greater the difference between the water and the skin temperatures, the greater the stimulating affect of the treatment

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6
Q

Hydrotherapy - Body reactions to water treatments

A

Body reaction may be either stimulating or sedating to:

  • the circulatory system
  • nervous system
  • eliminatory processes
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7
Q

Hydrotherapy - Body reactions to water treatments - Physical changes

A

Body strives to maintain internal body temp regardless of external environment temperature.
When heat or cold is applied, physiological changes occur, depending on:
- the temperature
- duration of exposure
- size of the treated body area
- body part thermal conductivity

Treatments of short duration may have different effects than longer treatments

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8
Q

Hydrotherapy - Body reactions to water treatments - General application effects

A

Systemic effects

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9
Q

Hydrotherapy - Body reactions to water treatments - Local application effects

A

Immediate responses in our current in the area of being treated

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10
Q

Hydrotherapy - Body reactions to water treatments - Systemic effects

A

Changes that occur in the functionally related group of parts or organs

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11
Q

Hydrotherapy - Body reactions to water treatments - Reflex effects

A

Not the immediate responses of the skin area but effects that occur elsewhere in the body through the nervous system

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12
Q

Hydrotherapy - Body reactions to water treatments - Physiological effects

A

Physiological effects from heat/cold application are predictable making them a powerful therapeutic agent

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13
Q

Hydrotherapy - Body reactions to water treatments - Extreme temperatures

A

To avoid or use under very close supervision

Thermal treatment below freezing or above 115°F may damage tissues

Risks:
- Prolonged general treatment below 70°F: Hypothermia
- Prolonged general treatment above 110F: Hyperthermia
Either condition is potentially dangerous

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14
Q

Hydrotherapy - Application of heat - Heat

A

Measured in terms of the calories
1 cal= amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1° on the centigrade scale.

This unit sometimes called: small or gram calorie (different from large calorie = kilocalorie equal to 1,000 calories used in nutrition)

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15
Q

Hydrotherapy - Application of heat - Type of application

A

Depends on:

  • the body parts to be treated
  • its condition
  • the objectives of application

Application types:

  • dry heat - heating pad, infrared radiation
  • moist heat - immersion baths, sprays (pulsating), moist heat pack, steam & sauna bath
  • Diathermy: high-frequency electrical currents used to heat deep muscular tissues such as shortwave, microwave & ultrasound
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16
Q

Hydrotherapy - Application of heat - Reaction to heat application

A

Depends on the intensity of the heat application.
Immediate reaction can be:
- mild application: analgesic effect
- moderate application: stimulating effect
- extreme application: fear of pain

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17
Q

Hydrotherapy - Application of heat - Therapeutic effects

A
  • Extensibility of collagen in tissues is increased
  • Joint stiffness is decreased & range of motion is increased
  • Pain is relieved (analgesia)
  • Muscle spasm are reduced and relieved
  • Blood flow is increase (vasodilation)
  • Sweating is increased
  • Pulse rate is increased
  • Respiration rate is increased
  • Number of white blood cells in treated area is increased
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18
Q

Hydrotherapy - Application of heat - Local effects of heat - Superficial heat vs. deep heat

A

Superficial heat treatments: do not elevated temperature of musculature or increase blood flow

Deep heat treatments: increase blood flow & deeper structures temperature

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19
Q

Hydrotherapy - Application of heat - Local effects of heat - Moist heat vs. dry heat

A

Moist heat penetrates deeper than dry heat

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20
Q

Hydrotherapy - Application of heat - Local effects of heat

A

Local effects of heat: largely confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissues.

Most important local effects: increase in the metabolic rate of cells

Chemical local effects: vasodilation of the local vasculature causing:

  • opening of the vessels & increase of blood flow to treated area
  • local redness (= erythema)
  • changes in red and white blood cells of the treated region (incl. increase in number & in the speed of movement, facilitating the healing process & repairing of damaged tissues)
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21
Q

Hydrotherapy - Application of heat - Systemic effects of heat

A

Have the most pronounce influence on the cardiovascular system

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22
Q

Hydrotherapy - Application of heat - Systemic effects of heat - General responses

A

Includes:

  • generalized vessel dilation of cutaneous vessels
  • drop in peripheral blood pressure
  • increased heart rate & pulse
  • blood volume increase due to a shift of fluid from the tissues to the bloodstream (= hydrostatic effect)
23
Q

Hydrotherapy - Application of heat - Systemic effects of heat - Hydrostatic effect

A

Shift of fluid from the tissues to the bloodstream increasing blood volume

24
Q

Hydrotherapy - Application of heat - Systemic effects of heat - Generalized vasodilation risk

A

A drop in blood pressure due to generalized vasodilation can reduce blood flow to the brain and cause fainting.

25
Hydrotherapy - Application of heat - Systemic effects of heat - Respiratory changes
May occur due to increased body temperature. | Body is trying to breathe of the excess heat.
26
Hydrotherapy - Application of heat - Systemic effects of heat - Integumentary system
Skin respond to systemic application of heat by increasing activity of its sweat glands. Sweat (diaphoresis) cools body by: 1. bringing air to the surface in the fluid. 2. evaporation of the fluid on the skin when exposed to air 3. transferring heat from the sweat on the skin to adjacent cooler air molecules.
27
Hydrotherapy - Application of heat - Systemic effects of heat - Nervous system
Systemic application of heat affects nervous system by creating an analgesic affect by competing with pain impulses
28
Hydrotherapy - Application of cold - Difference treatment and skin temperature
The greater the difference between treatment and skin temperature, the greater the effect The colder the treatment is, the greater danger of tissue damage is
29
Hydrotherapy - Application of cold - Cryotherapy
Application of called agents for therapeutic purposes Beneficial on painful, inflamed and swollen areas
30
Hydrotherapy - Application of cold - RICE
R - Rest I - Ice C - Compression E - Elevation Treatment for soft tissue injury (as strain or sprain) Effects: reduces swelling, pain and secondary tissue damage resulting from excessive swelling As soon as swelling subsided: limited massage therapy can proceed on healing tissue
31
Hydrotherapy - Application of cold - Contrast therapy
Promotes healing by alternate application of heat and cold | Increases circulation to an area
32
Hydrotherapy - Application of cold - Options cold application
- Immersion bath - Ice packs - Ice massage - Compressor units with thermal packs - Vasocoolant sprays - Cold mitten friction
33
Hydrotherapy - Application of cold - Therapeutic effects
- Decrease of extensibility of collagen in tissues - Pain relief (anesthesia) - Inflammatory process is for slowed - Decrease of circulation (vasoconstriction) - Decreased metabolic reaction rates - Decreased respiration rate
34
Hydrotherapy - Application of cold - Local effects of cold
Immediate response: - vasoconstriction > restricting blood flow, causing a slowing of local circulation & lowering of local tissue temperature > Decrease of metabolic rate of affected tissue - Slight increase of blood viscosity - Blanching of the skin & local piloerection. Decrease venous flow : concentration of deoxygenated blood in local area, causing cooled skin to be blue (=Pallor)
35
Hydrotherapy - Application of cold - Local effects of cold - Long vs. short applications
Short application: stimulating effect | Prolonged application: sedative or depressive effect
36
Hydrotherapy - Application of cold - Systemic effects of cold
Sensory & motor peripheral nerves are affected by cooling. Sensation fell during the use of a cold treatment: 1. Cold 2. Painfully cold 3. Less cold & more pain (= hyperesthesia) 4. Burning (= paraesthesia) 5. Numbness (= anesthasia) Cold affects deeper tissues than heat, due to greater temperature difference with the body.
37
Hydrotherapy - Application of cold - Systemic effects of cold - Hunting's Reaction
= body's reaction to cold while hunting If cold application last more than 10 minutes Reflexive vasodilation of the vasculature of the cold treated area to equalize temperature of the region (blood vessels delate & blood pumped again into injured area, causing further bleeding and swelling). Exple: nose & fingers turning red when in the cold weather Vasodilation: opposite to desired vasoconstriction, so cold treatment never more than 10min/application, every 2 hours (unless performed by medical professional during first 24-48 hours of the injury)
38
Hydrotherapy - Application of cold - Cold Mitten Friction
Perform with a terry cloth mitt or washcloth dipped in cold water over the whole body. - Stimulates blood flow to the skin - Train the skin to react cold - General tonic - Increases blood white blood cell activity & antibody production Application: - Good for client bedridden & not receiving circulatory stimulation through exercise. - Regular application of cold act as a form of exercise for muscles that dilate and constrict blood vessels of the skin
39
Hydrotherapy - Kinds of baths - Bath
Practice in which the body is surrounded by water. Two objectives: - External cleanliness - Stimulation of bodily functions
40
Hydrotherapy - Kinds of baths - Cold bath
40-67°F Limited to 3-5 minutes Short cold bath or cold sponging of body: better tolerated if accompanied by friction or gentle rubbing with a rough towel
41
Hydrotherapy - Kinds of baths - Cool bath
67-75°F | Satisfactory temperature for all-around bathing, particularly during warm weather
42
Hydrotherapy - Kinds of baths - Tepid bath
85-95°F - slightly warm Exerts a soothing & relaxing effect on the body Recommended for nervous and excitable people
43
Hydrotherapy - Kinds of baths - Saline bath
90-94°F 10-20min 3-5lbs of common salt / tub of water Marked tonic effect by stimulating the circulation Effect similar to natural bathing in seawater.
44
Hydrotherapy - Kinds of baths - Warm or hot bath
Warm: 95-100°F Hot: 100-115°F 5-20min Quiets tired nerves, soothes aching muscles & helps to relieve insomnia Induces relaxation & relieves nervous tension. Cool shower should follow warm bath as it: - forces blood away from the skin - closes pores - leaves the body in a refreshed condition Shifting fluid from one part of the body to another = hydrostatic affect.
45
Hydrotherapy - Kinds of baths - Hydrostatic affect
Shifting fluid from one part of the body to another
46
Hydrotherapy - Kinds of baths - Very hot and very cold baths
Only for clients in healthy condition & can withstand such treatment Hot bath/shower: undue stimulation to the body and may overwork the heart Cold bath/shower: tremendous shock to the nervous system
47
Hydrotherapy - Kinds of baths - Whirlpool, jacuzzi or hot tub
Partial immersion in agitated water provides relaxation Effects: - Mechanical - Thermal - Sedative Used to: - Treat burn victims - Stimulate wound healing - Relieve pain - Soften tissue - Help with congestive headaches
48
Hydrotherapy - Kinds of baths - Hubbard tank
Full immersion tub with a turbine for administrating underwater exercise with neutral or moderate heat Often used for neurological condition as: - Hemiplegia - Polio - Parkinson's - Multiple sclerosis - Cerebral palsy
49
Hydrotherapy - Kinds of baths - Sitz
= Hip bath Hot: 5-10 min is usually sufficient Cold: 3-5 min Immerse only the hips and pelvic region in either a hot, tempered or cold water (or alternately hot & cold) Stimulant to the pelvic region Effective in overcoming chronic constipation Beneficial for the kidneys, bladder & six organs
50
Hydrotherapy - Contraindications for Hydrotherapy
Water treatments involving hot and cold application should not be given to client with: - cardiac impairment - diabetes - arterosclerosis - lung disease - kidney infection - extremely high or low blood pressure - an infectious skin condition.
51
Hydrotherapy - Contraindications for Hydrotherapy - Hot water
Immersion in hot water contraindicated for pregnant women, especially in 1st trimester
52
Hydrotherapy - Contraindications for Hydrotherapy - Raynaud's syndrome
Vasoconstriction disorder of the extremities causing severely restricted blood flow to fingers, toes, nose (semetimes ears etc.) often causing discoloration of the digit (white, blue, red) Local cold is contraindicated
53
Hydrotherapy - Contraindications for Hydrotherapy - Buerger's disease
Acute inflammation & thrombosis (clotting) of arteries and veins in the hands and feet. Avoid: Local head to the hands and feet in the form of hot bath, heating pads or paraffin dips

RMT - LtB (24 decks)

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