3.1 - Eukaryotic Cell Structure: Animal Cells

Question 1

What are the two main groups of living organisms?

Answer 1

Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes

Question 2

What type of cells make up eukaryotes?

Its really simple lol

Answer 2

Eukaryotic cells

Question 3

What type of cells make up prokaryotes?

Don’t overthink it bro (also ans =/= bacteria)

Answer 3

Prokaryotic cells

Question 4

Are eukaryotic cells more or less complex than prokaryotic cells?

Answer 4

More complex

Question 5

Where is DNA found in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 5

In the nucleus as chromosomes

Question 6

What is the largest organelle in an animal cell?

Answer 6

Nucleus

Question 7

What does the nucleus contain?

Answer 7

• Genetic information (DNA)
• Nucleolus

Question 8

What is the nucleolus?

Answer 8

• Structure within the nucleus
• Where ribosomes are made

Question 9

What is the nuclear envelope?

Answer 9

Double membrane surrounding the nucleus

Question 10

What are nuclear pores?

Answer 10

Pores in the nuclear envelope (for mRNA)

Question 11

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 11

• Controlling the cell’s activities - It contains DNA with instructions to produce proteins.
• Synthesis of ribosomes - The nucleolus makes ribosomal RNA.
• Exchange between nucleus and cytoplasm - Substances can enter or leave the nucleus via the nuclear pores.

Question 12

What is the cell-surface membrane also known as?

Answer 12

• Plasma membrane
• Phospholipid bilayer

Question 13

What is the cell-surface membrane made of?

If you really simplify it

Answer 13

Lipids and protein

Question 14

What is the function of the cell-surface membrane?

Answer 14

• Controls movement of substances into and out of the cell - The membrane is partially permeable.
• Cell signalling - Receptors can detect signals from other cells.

Question 15

Where are mitochondria found?

Answer 15

In cells requiring lots of energy

Question 16

What does the matrix of mitochondria contain?

Answer 16

Enzyme-rich liquid

Question 17

What are cristae?

Answer 17

Folds in the inner membrane of mitochondria

Question 18

What do mitochondria contain?

Answer 18

• mtDNA and ribosomes
• enzyme-rich liquid known as the matrix
• double membrane folded to form cristae

Question 19

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 19

Site of aerobic respiration

Question 20

What size are eukaryotic ribosomes?

Answer 20

80S

Question 21

What are ribosomes made of?

Answer 21

Proteins and rRNA

Question 22

What do ribosomes consist of?

ans NOT proteins/rRNA

Answer 22

Large and small subunits

Question 23

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 23

Protein synthesis

Question 24

What does the Golgi apparatus consist of?

2 things

Answer 24

• Cisternae
• vesicles

Question 25

What are cisternae?

Answer 25

**Fluid-filled membrane-bound sacs** in the Golgi apparatus

Question 26

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 26

**Processes and packages** *lipids* and *proteins*

Question 27

What covers rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

Answer 27

Ribosomes

Question 28

What does RER contain? | ANS NOT ribosomes

Answer 28

Network of membranes enclosing a fluid-filled space (**cisternae**)

Question 29

What is the function of RER?

Answer 29

Synthesis and transport of proteins

Question 30

What does smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) lack?

Answer 30

Ribosomes

Question 31

What is the function of SER?

Answer 31

**Synthesis, storage, and transport of lipids and carbohydrates** - For example, cholesterol and steroid hormones.

Question 32

What do lysosomes contain?

Answer 32

Hydrolytic enzymes

Question 33

What is the function of lysosomes?

Answer 33

* **Digest pathogens** - This process uses enzymes. * **Break down waste material** - This material includes old organelles and cells.