1
Q
What is magnification?
A
How many times larger an image is than the object
2
Q
What is resolution?
A
Ability to distinguish between two separate points
3
Q
What is image size?
A
How large the object appears through a microscope
4
Q
What is object size?
A
The real size of the object
5
Q
What is the formula for calculating magnification?
A
Magnification = Image size / Object size
6
Q
What must be true about the units when calculating magnification?
A
All lengths must be in the same unit
Biology AQA A-level
flashcards
Decks in class (163)
# Cards
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Topic 1 Definitions39
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1.1 Introduction to Biological molecules17
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1.2 Carbohydrates: Introduction14
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1.3 Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides & Disaccharides20
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1.4 Carbohydrate: Polysaccharides30
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1.5 Carbohydrates: Tests14
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1.6 Lipids: Introduction15
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1.7 Lipids: Triglycerides & Phospholipids22
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1.8 Proteins: Amino Acids14
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1.9 Proteins: Structures9
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1.10 Enyzme Action8
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1.11 Factors Affecting Enzyme Action9
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1.12 Enzyme Inhibition10
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2.1 - Nucleic Acids: DNA & RNA25
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2.2 - DNA Replication11
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2.3 - ATP10
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2.4 - Water20
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2.5 - Inorganic Ions15
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Topic 2 Definitions40
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3.1 - Eukaryotic Cell Structure: Animal Cells33
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3.2 - Eukaryotic Cell Structure: Plant, Algal & Fungal Cells19
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3.3 - Cell Specialisation & Organisation28
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3.4 - Prokaryotic Cells24
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3.5 - Viruses12
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3.6 - Magnification Calculations & Resolution6
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3.7 - Light Microscopes18
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3.8 - Electron Microscopes22
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3.9 - Cell Fractionation19
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3.10 - Cell Cycle8
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3.11 - Chromosomes23
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3.12 - Mitosis17
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3.13 - Binary Fission11
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4.1 - Structure of the Cell Membrane21
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4.2 - Diffusion20
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4.3 - Osmosis20
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4.4 - Active Transport11
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4.5 - Co-transport of Glucose in the Ileum16
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5.1 - Defence Mechanisms19
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5.2 - Phagocytosis12
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5.3 - T Lymphocytes & Cell-mediated Immunity15
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5.4 - B Lymphocytes & Humoral Immunity27
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5.5 - Antibodies12
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5.6 - Monoclonal Antibodies17
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5.7 - Vaccination17
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5.8 - HIV18
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5.9 - Antibiotics9
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Topic 3 Definitions52
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6.1 - Surface Area to Volume Ratio10
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6.2 - Specialised Exchange Surfaces8
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6.3 - Gas Exchange in Insects16
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6.4 - Gas Exchange in Fish11
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6.5 - Gas Exchange in Plants14
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6.6 - Human Gas Exchange System21
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6.7 - Ventilation15
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6.8 - Digestion15
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6.9 - Digestive Enzymes20
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6.10 - Absorption12
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7.1 Haemoglobin23
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7.2 Overview of the Circulatory System11
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7.3 - Heart Structure20
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7.4 Cardiac Cycle9
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7.5 Blood Vessels23
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7.6 - Blood, Tissue Fluid & Lymph15
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7.7 - Xylem & Phloem7
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7.8 - Water Transport in Plants18
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7.9 Mass Flow Hypothesis7
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Topic 4 Definitions66
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8.1 - Genes & Genetic Code19
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8.2 - Structure of mRNA & tRNA11
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8.3 - Protein Synthesis: Transcription16
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8.4 - Protein Synthesis: Translation11
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9.1 - Gene & Chromosome Mutations12
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9.2 - Meiosis25
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9.3 - Meiosis & Genetic Variation14
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9.4 - Natural Selection11
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9.5 - Adaptations8
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10.1 - Classification & Taxonomy11
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10.2 - Phylogeny12
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10.3 - Biodiversity: Species Diversity14
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10.4 - Index of Diversity5
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10.5 - Human Impact on Biodiversity6
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10.6 - Biodiversity: Genetic Diversity7
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10.7 - Measuring Variation13
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Topic 5 Definitions69
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11.1 - Introduction to Photosynthesis6
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11.2 - Chloroplast Structure11
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11.3 - Light-dependent Reaction7
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11.4 - Light-independent Reaction10
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11.5 - Limiting Factors13
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12.1 - Introduction to Respiration22
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12.2 - Glycolysis14
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12.3 - Link Reaction11
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12.4 - Krebs Cycle8
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12.5 - Mitochondrion Structure15
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12.6 - Oxidative Phosphorylation13
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12.7 - Respiratory Substrates12
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12.8 - Anaerobic Respiration13
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13.1 - Energy Transfer & Productivity20
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13.2 - Nitrogen Cycle14
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13.3 - Phosphorus Cycle10
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13.4 - Fertilisers12
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Topic 6 Definitions138
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14.1 - Stimuli & Responses21
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14.2 - Plant Hormones13
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14.3 - Nervous Organisation13
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14.4 - Reflexes12
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14.5 - Pacinian Corpuscles14
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14.6 - Photoreceptors21
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14.7 - Control of Heart Rate18
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15.1 - Neurones14
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15.2 - Nervous Impulse16
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15.3 - Passage of Action Potentials9
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15.4 - Structure & Function of Synapses17
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15.5 - Transmission Across a Synapse10
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15.6 - Structure of Skeletal Muscle22
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15.7 - Neuromuscular Junctions10
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15.8 - Sliding Filament Mechanism11
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16.1 - Homeostasis16
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16.2 - Principles of Coordination21
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16.3 - Second Messenger Model7
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16.4 - Regulation of Blood Glucose Concentration12
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16.6 - Structure of Mammalian Kidney21
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16.7 - Ultrafiltration10
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16.8 - Reabsorption by the Proximal Convoluted Tubule11
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16.9 - Loop of Henle13
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16.10 - Role of Hormones in Osmoregulation11
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Topic 7 Definitions62
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17.1 - Monohybrid Inheritance15
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17.2 - Dihybrid Inheritance12
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17.3 - Codominance7
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17.4 - Multiple Alleles12
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17.5 - Sex Linkage20
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17.6 - Autosomal Linkage12
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17.7 - Epistasis14
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17.8 - Chi-squared Test10
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18.1 - Hardy-Weinberg Principle11
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18.2 - Variation in Phenotype10
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18.3 - Student's T-test15
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18.4 - Pearson's Correlation Coefficient16
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18.5 - Types of Selection17
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18.6 - Speciation14
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19.1 - Populations & Ecosystems14
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19.2 - Factors Affecting Populations6
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19.3 - Competition & Predation12
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19.4 - Random Sampling8
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19.5 - Non-random Sampling10
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19.6 - Sampling Animal Populations6
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19.7 - Succession14
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19.8 - Maintaining Biodiversity10
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Topic 8 Definitions73
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20.1 - Gene Mutations13
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20.2 - Stem Cells19
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20.3 - Regulation of Transcription & Translation4
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20.4 - Epigenetic Control of Gene Expression13
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20.5 - Gene Expression & Cancer17
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20.6 - Sequencing Projects10
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21.1 - Producing DNA Fragments12
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21.2 - In Vivo Cloning14
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21.3 - In Vitro Cloning12
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21.4 - Genetically Modified Organisms10
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21.5 - DNA Probes & Genetic Screening13
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21.6 - Gel Electrophoresis7
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21.7 - Genetic Fingerprinting12
