Topic 2 Definitions

Question 1

What is active immunity?

Answer 1

Immunity from the body’s own immune response

Question 2

What is active transport?

Answer 2

Movement against a concentration gradient using ATP

Question 3

What is agglutination?

Answer 3

Clumping of cells or particles by antibodies

Question 4

What is an antibody?

Answer 4

A protein that binds to antigens

Question 5

What is an antigen?

Answer 5

A marker molecule that triggers an immune response

Question 6

What is binary fission?

Answer 6

Prokaryotic cell division

Question 7

What is the cell cycle?

Answer 7

Stages preparing a cell for division

Question 8

What is the cell-surface membrane?

Answer 8

A phospholipid bilayer surrounding cells

Question 9

What is a cell vacuole?

Answer 9

A membrane-bound structure in plant cells

Question 10

What is a cell wall?

Answer 10

A layer surrounding plant

Question 11

What is a chloroplast?

Answer 11

An organelle where photosynthesis occurs

Question 12

What is clonal expansion?

Answer 12

Production of identical daughter cells

Question 13

What is clonal selection?

Answer 13

Matching antigens with lymphocyte receptors

Question 14

What is co-transport?

Answer 14

Simultaneous transport of two substances

Question 15

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 15

Division of the cytoplasm

Question 16

What is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 16

Movement through transport proteins down a gradient

Question 17

What are flagella?

Answer 17

Whip-like structures for bacterial movement

Question 18

What is the fluid-mosaic model?

Answer 18

Membrane structure with mobile phospholipids

Question 19

What is the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 19

Organelle for protein modification and packaging

Question 20

What is a Helper T cell?

Answer 20

T cell that stimulates immune responses

Question 21

What is herd immunity?

Answer 21

Immunity when a large proportion is vaccinated

Question 22

What is HIV?

i.e what does it do?

Answer 22

A virus that attacks T cells

Question 23

What are lysosomes?

Answer 23

Vesicles with hydrolytic enzymes

Question 24

What is magnification?

Answer 24

How much bigger an image appears

Question 25

What is a mitochondrion?

Answer 25

Organelle where aerobic respiration occurs

Question 26

What is mitosis?

Answer 26

**Cell division** to produce **identical daughter cells**

Question 27

What are monoclonal antibodies?

Answer 27

**Identical** *antibodies* from a **cloned immune cell**

Question 28

What is the nucleus?

Answer 28

Organelle **storing genetic information**

Question 29

What is osmosis?

Answer 29

Diffusion of water **down a water potential gradient**

Question 30

What is passive immunity?

Answer 30

Immunity from **introduced antibodies**

Question 31

What is phagocytosis?

Answer 31

Engulfing and destroying material

Question 32

What are plasmids?

Answer 32

**Circular DNA** in *bacterial* cytoplasm

Question 33

What is the primary immune response?

Answer 33

Response to a **first-time pathogen encounter**

Question 34

What is resolution?

Answer 34

Ability to **distinguish two points**

Question 35

What are ribosomes?

Answer 35

Organelles for **protein synthesis**

Question 36

What is RER? | Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 36

Organelle for **protein synthesis and packaging**

Question 37

What is the secondary immune response?

Answer 37

Response to a **previously encountered pathogen**

Question 38

What is simple diffusion?

Answer 38

Movement down a concentration gradient

Question 39

What is SER? | Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 39

Organelle for **lipid synthesis**

Question 40

What is a vaccine?

Answer 40

**Dead or inactive pathogens** for immunity