3.2 - Eukaryotic Cell Structure: Plant, Algal & Fungal Cells Flashcards
The structure of plant cells The functions of their cell parts The structure of algal and fungal cells (19 cards)
What additional organelles do plant cells contain compared to animal cells?
Cell wall, permanent vacuole and chloroplasts
What is the cell wall made of?
Cellulose
What are plasmodesmata?
Channels in the cell wall
What are the functions of the cell wall?
3 functions
- Supports the cell - Contents of the cell press against the cell wall to make it rigid.
- Prevents the cell from bursting - The cell wall can withstand high osmotic pressure.
- Allows exchange of substances between cells - Plasmodesmata connects neighbouring cells.
Where are chloroplasts found?
Green parts of plants such as leaves and stems
What are thylakoids?
- Fluid-filled sacs in chloroplasts
- stack up to form grana
What are grana?
Stacks of thylakoids
What is stroma?
Fluid enclosed by chloroplast double membrane
What do chloroplasts contain?
- Contain fluid-filled sacs known as thylakoids which are stacked up to form grana.
- Surrounded by a double membrane, enclosing a fluid known as stroma.
- Contain their own DNA and ribosomes.
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Site of photosynthesis
What do plant cells typically have?
Same parts as animal cells as well as:
- cell wall
- permanent vacuole
- chloroplasts
What does the vacuole contain?
And what surrounds it?
- Cell sap
- Selectively permeable membrane known as a tonoplast
What is the tonoplast?
Selectively permeable membrane surrounding the vacuole
What is the function of the vacuole?
- Maintains cell pressure - keeps the cell rigid and stops the plant from wilting.
What organelles do algal cells contain?
Same as plant cells
How do chloroplasts in algal cells differ from plant cells?
Different shapes
What organelles do fungal cells contain?
Most organelles found in plant cells
What do fungal cells lack?
Chloroplasts
What are fungal cell walls made of?
Chitin
