3.2-3.3

Question 1

Why and how would the structure and function of a protein change if a hydrophobic amino acid was substituted for a hydrophilic one?

Answer 1

This is do to the fact that the hydrophilic amino acids try to get to the outside of the structure; they want to be surrounded by as much water as possible. This causes the chain to change to best fit the needs of the different molecule, as it goes from inside to outside the structure.

Question 2

What happens during protein denaturation?

Answer 2

Proteins become unfolded.

Question 3

Functions of each macromolecule: Protein, Nucleic Acids, Lipids, Carbohydrates.

Answer 3

Proteins: Molecular Machines.
Nucleic Acids: Information storage.
Lipids: Waterproof Membranes.
Carbohydrates: Stored Energy.

Question 4

Name are all 4 levels of protein structure?

Answer 4

Primary structure, Secondary structure (Alpha Helix [coil] and Beta Pleated Sheet [wall shape]), Tertiary structure, Quaternary structure.

Question 5

How does the shape of a carbohydrate macromolecule compare to the shape of a lipid?

Answer 5

Carbohydrate molecules are generally “ring” shaped, where as lipids are more linear shaped.

Question 6

Explain how tertiary structure is formed by interactions between the following:
Hydrophobic interactions
Hydrophilic interactions
Acidic and Basic side chains
Cysteine side chains

Answer 6

Hydrophobic: Try to get in the center of the structure
Hydrophilic: Try to get to the outside of the structure
Acid and Basic: try to get close together without touching
Cysteine side chains: Two sulfhydrols connect.

Question 7

Name the monomors for each of the macromolecules: Protein, Nucleic Acids, Lipids, Carbohydrates.

Answer 7

Protein: Amino Acids
Nucleic Acids: Nucleotides
Lipids: Fatty Acids
Carbohydrates: Manosacharids

Question 7

Is NH+ polar, nonpolar, positive, or negative?

Answer 7

Negative

Question 8

Name the function of each protein type: Enzyme, Horomones, Infastructure, channel/pumps/receptors, antibodies?

Answer 8

Enzyme: Cut and join the molecules of life, break food into smaller; nutrient rich molecules.
Horomones: Carry Molecular messages through the blood.
Infastructure: Support and mold cells.
Channel/Pumps/Receptors: Go back and forth across the membrane.
Antibodies: Battle foreign material in the blood stream.

Question 9

What scientific term refers to sugars?

Question 10

Long term energy storage

Answer 10

Lipid

Question 11

Includes enzymes that digest/breakdown food?

Answer 11

Protein