321 health & wellness

Question 1

health people 2023 identifies

Answer 1

leading health indicators, which are highly priority health issues + promotes a holistic approach to HP and disease prevention

Question 2

what leading health indicators does the US fall behind in compared to other developed countries

Answer 2

life expectancy, infant mortality and obesity

Question 3

WHO definition of health

Answer 3

a state of complete physical, mental and social well being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Question 4

health is influenced by

Answer 4

culture, value, personality, lifestyle, where we seek health care, what treatments we seek, social economical factors

Question 5

components of health

Answer 5

physical, mental, social, sexual, vocational

Question 6

disease

Answer 6

medical condition that causes distress for a person in the form of its symptoms (disorders, infections, & disability that can afflict human beings)

Question 7

illness

Answer 7

a state in which a person’s physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental or spiritual function is diminished or impaired not a condition but a feeling

Question 8

illness behavior

Answer 8

the manner in which people who are ill from a disease act, involves how people monitor their bodies, define and interpret their symptoms

Question 9

internal variables that influence illness and illness behaviors

Answer 9

perception of illness and nature of illness how we view things

Question 10

external variables that influence illness and illness behaviors

Answer 10

visibility of symptoms, social group, cultural background, economics and accessibility to health care

Question 11

health beliefs

Answer 11

ideas, convictions and attitudes about health and illness

Question 12

health behaviors

Answer 12

what we do to promote and protect our health

Question 13

positive health behaviors

Answer 13

vaccinations, screenings, eating well, sleeping enough, having good physical activity patterns

Question 14

negative health behaviors

Answer 14

negative to our health
smoking, alcohol abuse, drug abuse, too much caffeine, risky sexual behaviors, poor sleeping patterns

Question 15

health belief model

Answer 15

addresses the relationship between a person’s beliefs and their behavior

Question 16

health promotion model

Answer 16

defines health as a positive dynamic state and not merely just the absence of disease; describes the multidimensional nature of people as they interact within their environment and pursue health will someone take the health promoting behavior

Question 17

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 17

used to understand the interrelationship of basic human needs (some needs need to be met before others)

Question 18

holistic health model

Answer 18

looks at the relationships among, body, mind, spirit and how these affect health; attempts to create conditions that promote optimal health optimize mind and body to optimize health

Question 19

internal variables that influence health and health beliefs/practices

Answer 19

-developmental stage
-educational background
-perception of functioning (physical function)
-emotional factors
-spiritual factors

Question 20

external variables that influence health and health beliefs/practices

Answer 20

-family role and practices
-social determinants of health

Question 21

WHO 3 categories of determinants of health

Answer 21

-social and economic environment
-physical environment
-individual characteristics and behaviors (** figure out what else is at play, cannot just say “eat better”)

Question 22

examples of determinants of health

Answer 22

income & social status, education, physical environment, social support group, genetics, coping skills, gender

Question 23

%’s of what effects health

Answer 23

• 10% physical environment
• 20% health care
• 30% health behaviors
• 40% socioeconomic factors
  50% of what effects health can be traced back to a zip code

Question 24

social determinants of health

Answer 24

the conditions in which people are born, live, work, worship, play annd age

Question 25

5 domains of SDOH

Answer 25

1) economic status
2) education
3) health and health care
4) social and community context
5) neighborhood and built environment (clean water, access to food, safe)
non medical factors

Question 26

health disparity

Answer 26

a particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social, economic and/or environmental disadvantage
a difference but we need to focus on inequity bc these differences are avoidable not linked to health behaviors or lifestyle

Question 27

health inequity

Answer 27

health differences that are avoidable, unnecessary, unfair and unjust
definition we want to start using not linked to health behaviors or lifestyle

Question 28

health promotion

Answer 28

a process of helping people gain control of and improve their health

Question 29

health education

Answer 29

helps people develop a greater understanding of their health and how to better manage their health risks

Question 30

illness prevention

Answer 30

protects people from actual or potential threats to health

Question 31

primary prevention

Answer 31

goal is to reduce the incidence of disease problems before they occur
diabetes ex: counseling on nutrition and exercise

Question 32

secondary prevention

Answer 32

goal is to prevent the spread of disease, illness and infection once it has occurred treating in early stages
diabetes ex: screening fro type 2 diabetes

Question 33

tertiary prevention

Answer 33

goal is to minimize effects of long term disease or disability limit further effect
diabetes ex: treatment of T2DM w/ meds to control & prevent complications

Question 34

risk factors

Answer 34

any attribute, quality, environmental situation, or trait that increase the vulnerability of an individual or a group to an illness or accident

Question 35

ineffective behavioral change strategies

Answer 35

fear, confrontation, coercion, paternalism

Question 36

precontemplation

Answer 36

-no intent to change within next 6 months
-assessment: pt is not interested, unaware of issue or underestimates it, defensive
-nursing tasks: increase awareness for change, increase concern about current behavior, try to get pt to envision change as possible

Question 37

contemplation

Answer 37

-considering making a change within the next 6 months
-assessment: pt is thinking about change, ambivalent about change
-nursing tasks: analyze pros & cons, weigh costs vs benefits and help them with their mixed feelings
more willing to accept info

Question 38

Preparation

Answer 38

-making small changes in preparation for a change within the next month
-assessment: may have tried to make changes in past but was unsuccessful, pt believes that advantages outweigh disadvantages
-nursing tasks: increase commitment to change (self liberation), design a plan for change
provide resources, help them recall pasts experiences that worked, educate, help stop negative thoughts

Question 39

action

Answer 39

-actively engaged in strategies to change behaviors, lasts up to 6 months
-assessment: committed to change but previous habits may become barriers to change
-nursing tasks: actively engage in strategies for change to occur, sustain commitment in face of difficulties

Question 40

maintenance stage

Answer 40

-sustained change over time, begins 6 months after action has started and continues indefinitely
-assessment: changes have been integrated into the pt’s lifestyle and behaviors have been adopted to prevent relapse
-nursing tasks: anticipate relapse, prepare coping strategies in advance