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ABSN > pathopharm 1 drugs mod 7 > Flashcards

pathopharm 1 drugs mod 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

class: adsorbents

A

bismuth subsalicylate

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2
Q

bismuth subsalicylate MOA

A

-coats the walls of the GI tract
-bind the causative agent for elimination
(activated charcoal)

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3
Q

bismuth subsalicylate SE

A

(in large amounts)
-increased bleeding time
-constipation
-dark stools and darkening of tongue

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4
Q

class: anti motility

A

loperamide & diphenoxylate

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5
Q

loperamide & diphenoxylate MOA

A

slows peristalsis by reducing rhythmic contractions & smooth muscle tone of the GI and also has a drying effect

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6
Q

loperamide & diphenoxylate SE

A

-urinary retention
-headache, dizziness, anxiety, drowsiness
-bradycardia, hypotension
-dry skin
-flushing

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7
Q

what if added to diphenoxylate makes it no longer be able to be sold over the counter

A

atropine (causes all the SE)

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8
Q

class: probiotics

A

-lactobacillius organism (bacid, culturelle)
-saccharomyces boulardii (florastor)

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9
Q

probiotic MOA

A

replenish bacteria and restore normal flora

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10
Q

lactobacillius organism

A

bacteria that make up the majority of normal flora of the gut

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11
Q

saccharomyces boulardii

A

C.Diff for treatment by replenishing bacteria & restoring normal flora (need supplement)

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12
Q

class: bulk forming laxatives

A

psyllium

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13
Q

psyllium MOA

A

-act similar to dietary fiber
-absorb water into the intestine, increasing bulk
-distends bowel to initiate reflex bowel activity and bowel movement

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14
Q

psyllium SE

A

-impaction above strictures
-fluid/lyte imbalance (less likely than others)
-gas formation
-esophageal blockage

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15
Q

class: emollient

A

docusate sodium & mineral oil
for impaction, both prevent water from moving out of intestines

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16
Q

docusate sodium MOA

A

lubricates fecal material and walls, promotes fat absorption into fecal mass

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17
Q

docusate sodium uses

A

prevent opioid induced constipation

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18
Q

docusate sodium route

A

PO

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19
Q

mineral oil MOA

A

lubricate intestines

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20
Q

mineral oil uses

A

fecal impactions

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21
Q

mineral oil route

A

PO or PR

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22
Q

docusate sodium & mineral oil SE

A

-skin rashes
-decreased absorption of vitamins

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23
Q

class: hyperosmotic

A

-glycerin
-lactulose
-polyethylene glycol

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24
Q

glycerin use

A

mild & seen in children

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25
lactulose use
**liver disease & hepatic encephalopathy** digested in large intestine creating a hyper-osmotic environment which draws water into the colon + reduces blood ammonia levels
26
polyethylene glycol use
giver before diagnostic surgical bowel procedures **bowel prep for col**
27
glycerin, lactulose & polyethylene glycol MOA
-increasing water content in feces -promotes distention, peristalsis & evacuation
28
glycerin, lactulose & polyethylene glycol SE
-abdominal bloating -rectal irritation -electrolyte imbalance
29
class: saline
-magnesium salts -sodium salts
30
saline MOA
increase osmotic pressure and draw water into colon
31
saline SE
-mag toxicity -lyte imbalance -cramping, diarrhea
32
class: stimulants
-bisacodyl -senna **most likely to cause dependence**
33
stimulants use
constipation or whole bowel evacuation
34
stimulants SE
-nutrition malabsorption -gastric irritation -lyte imbalance
35
antihistamines
suppress histamine mediator activity
36
immunosuppressants (including corticosteroids)
-suppress cell mediated immunity -anti inflammatory
37
epinephrine
halts mediator activity (**turns off mast cells**) -mimics SNS -works on alpha (arteries) & betas (<3, lungs, arteries & skeletal muscles)
38
class: vasopressors, bronchodilator, anti asthmatic, vasoconstrictor
epinephrine
39
epinephrine indication
severe allergic reactions, cardiac arrest, severe asthmatic attack
40
epinephrine SE
CV: angina, arrhythmias, HTN, tachycardia CNS: nervousness, restlessness, tremor
41
what is epinephrine dosage based on
wt based
42
epinephrine nursing considerations
-monitor vitals -overdose is fatal, have co worker check -teach to use exactly as directed
43
trimethoprim
-1st line for lower UTIs -do not give w/ sulfa allergies
44
ciprofloxacin
given for lower UTIs if sulfa allergies are present
45
nitrofurantoin
for recurring lower UTIs
46
phenazopyridine MOA
local analgesic action (used for pain relief r/t UTI)
47
phenazopyridine SE
reddish/orange urine (dye used in paint)
48
class: antispasmotic
mirabengron
49
mirabengron MOA
selectively stimulates beta-3 adrenergic receptors, relaxing bladder smooth muscle
50
mirabengron SE
-HTN -Urinary retention -UTI -Headache
51
class: anti cholinergic
oxybutynin
52
oxybutynin MOA
block the action of acetylcholine (acetylcholine activates smooth muscle contractions) **can be extended release**
53
oxybutynin indications
overactive bladder, incontinence
54
oxybutynin SE
-dry mouth -constipation
55
class: serotonin re uptake inhibitor (SSRI)
fluoxetine
56
fluoxetine MOA
-inhibitors of serotonin at nerve endings -more serotonin is available at the nerve endings
57
fluoxetine SE
-wt gain -GI & dry mouth -CNS: headache, nervousness, insomnia -sexual dysfunction -serotonin syndrome (serotonin overall) -withdraw if not weaned -suicide risk -neonatal effect (small risk of pulmo HTN)
58
fluoxetine advantages
-less severe & fewer side effects -few drug-drug/drug-food
59
fluoxetine nursing consideration
avoid use w/ MAO inhibitors
60
class: serotonin & norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
venlafazine
61
venlafazine MOA
blocks neuronal activity of serotonin and norepinephrine (more serotonin in synaps)
62
venlafazine SE
nausea, headache, anorexia, insomnia, somnolence, sexual dysfunction, withdrawal syndrome, sweating, blurred vision, increased LFTs
63
venlafazine nursing considerations
do not use with MAO inhibitors
64
class: tricyclic antidepressants
amitryptaline
65
amitryptaline MOA
blocks reuptake of 2 momoamine transmitters, norepinephrine & serotonin, making more available in the synapse
66
anticholinergic effects
"hot as a hare" "dry as a bone" "blind as a bat" "red as a beet" "mad as a hatter"
67
amitryptaline SE
-sedation -orthhostatic hypotension -sexual dysfunction -cardiac toxicity -**anticholinergic effects**
68
amitryptaline nursing consideration
interaction with MAO HTN crisis
69
class: monoamine oxidase inhibitors
phenelzine
70
phenelzine MOA
inhibits MAO enzyme found in the liver, intestinal wall and terminals of neurons (MAO convertd norepi, 5-HT, and dopamine to inactive product soooo decreased MAO increases availability of neurotransmitters at the nerve ending)
71
phenelzine SE
-food/drug interactions (charcuterie board + red wine) -CNS stimulation -ortho hypo -can lead to rapid increases in BP, stroke, coma, sweating, tremors -drug/drug interaction
72
class: atypical antidepressants
ketamine & trazadone
73
ketamine
-low dose nasal -pain mgt -**rapidly help w/ suicidality & other serious symptoms**
74
ketamine SE
-perceptual disturbances -dissociation
75
trazadone
-2nd line agent -blockage of 5-HT reuptake -minimal effectiveness in depression -often used to help w/ anxiety or insomnia
76
class: benzodiazepines
**lams & pams** -alprazolam -diazepam -lorazepam
77
lam & pam MOA
enhance inhibitory effects of GABA in CNS (**increasing GABAs relaxing effect, we inhibit anxiety w/ gaba)
78
lam & pam indications
generalized anxiety disorder & panic disorders
79
lam & pam SE
-CNS depresssion, LOC decreased -w/drawal -memory loss -respiratory depression
80
lam & pam nursing considerations
-teratogneic, do not take pregnant -avoid grapefruit -schedule 4, mod risk for abuse -do not mix w/ other meds that decrease LOC (alc, benny, opioids)
81
benzo antidote
flumazenil
82
class: medication assisted treatment opioids
methadone
83
methadone SE
-lightheaded -hives -chest pain -tachycardia -hallucinations -confusion
84
methadone nursing considerations
it to help people who are addicted to opioids but people can become addicted but at a lesser level (get at a clinic)
85
buprenorphine
partial opioid agonist
86
naloxone
opioid antagonist, blocks opioid receptor
87
buprenorphine & naloxone SE
-headache -opioid w/drawal symptoms -anxiety -insomnia -sweating -depression -constipation -nausea

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