stress & coping

Question 1

stress

Answer 1

an actual or alleged hazard to the balance of homeostasis

Question 2

homeostasis

Answer 2

the state of steady internal, physical, chemical, and social conditions maintained by living systems

Question 3

stressors

Answer 3

physical, psychological or social stimuli that can produce stress and endanger homeostasis the force causing the stress in your body

Question 4

Eustress

Answer 4

a positive form of stress makes you feel accomplished, excited, motivates you, allow for focus, within coping abilities

Question 5

distress

Answer 5

a negative reaction to stress causes anxiety, concern, decreases performance, not within coping abilities

Question 6

appraisal

Answer 6

how a person interprets the impact of the stressor one person’s stressor may not cause stress to another

Question 7

trauma

Answer 7

when symptoms of stress persist beyond the duration of the stressor

Question 8

acute stress

Answer 8

experienced on a daily basis from minor situations (ex: running late to work)

Question 9

chronic stress

Answer 9

experienced on an ongoing basis, usually +6mo

Question 10

PTSD

Answer 10

begins when a person experiences or witnesses a traumatic event and they respond with an intense fear or they feel an intense feeling of helplessness (crashes, natural disasters, military)

Question 11

secondary traumatic stress

Answer 11

trauma from witnessing the trauma of others, a component of compassion fatigue

Question 12

how is stress shown in ptsd

Answer 12

nightmares, flashbacks, recurrent and intrusive recollections of the event

Question 13

crisis

Answer 13

occurs when coping mechanisms are ineffective and a change must be made

Question 14

developmental crisis

Answer 14

[maturational crisis] occurs when a persons moves through different stages of life (is a normal stressor) gaining independence, marriage, children

Question 15

situation crisis

Answer 15

external crisis, typically expected trauma medical diagnosis, big job change

Question 16

adventure crisis

Answer 16

(events of disasters, occurs during a major disaster, man made disaster, crimes of justice covid, hurricanes, 911

Question 17

primary appraisal

Answer 17

the event in terms of its personal meaning, stress results when a person identifies an event or circumstance as a harm, loss, threat or challenge

Question 18

secondary appraisal

Answer 18

[concurrently happens w/ primary appraisal] a person considers available resources & coping strategies, stress occurs if the demands placed on the person by the event exceed the ability to cope

Question 19

coping

Answer 19

cognitive & behavioral efforts to manage a stressor

Question 20

what impacts coping

Answer 20

goals, beliefs, personal resources, cultural background, age and types of stress experienced

Question 21

good coping mechanisms

Answer 21

self care that actually takes care of you (exercising, therapy, diet, social, hobbies)

Question 22

bad coping mechanisms

Answer 22

alcohol, tobacco, workaholic to avoid stressor

Question 23

factors that influence stress and coping

Answer 23

the appraisal, the amount and type of support, reaction to the stressor, pervious life experiences

Question 24

what types of stressors place people who are vulnerable at higher risk for prolonged stress

Answer 24

situational and social stressors

Question 25

situational factors that influence stress and coping

Answer 25

stressors in the workplace, adjusting to a new diagnosis

Question 26

maturational factors that influence stress and coping

Answer 26

life stages, erikson's developmental theory, milestones, losing a parent, accepting physical aging, seeing a child leave home

Question 27

sociocultural factors that influence stress and coping

Answer 27

environmental, social, and cultural stressors (poverty, physical disability, social isolation)

Question 28

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Answer 28

a 3 stage reaction to stress triggered by a physical or psychological event, the body is trying to return to allostasis

Question 29

what initiates the general response syndrome after encountering a physical demand

Answer 29

the pituitary gland

Question 30

what is allostasis

Answer 30

a state of balance within the body

Question 31

GAS: stage 1

Answer 31

(alarm stage) the CNS is aroused, body defenses are mobilized "fight or flight.... or freeze"

Question 32

GAS: stage 2

Answer 32

(resistance stage) the body stabilizes and responds, the body is compensating for the changes that occurred during alarm stage

Question 33

GAS: stage 3

Answer 33

(exhaustion stage) continuous stress causes a breakdown of compensatory mechanisms, can longer adapt to the stressor -> associated w/ physiological problems & will see serious health outcomes

Question 34

what is the immune response for the general adaptation syndrome

Answer 34

stress causes prolonged changes in the immune system that impairs function and increases susceptibility too infection, high blood pressure, diabetes and cancer

Question 35

compassion fatigue

Answer 35

a state of burnout and secondary traumatic stress resulting from physical and mental fatigue and exhaustion

Question 36

when does burnout occur

Answer 36

when perceived demands outweigh perceived resources

Question 37

signs of compassion fatigue / burnout

Answer 37

feelings of irritability, restlessness, inability to focus and engage with others

Question 38

second victim syndrome

Answer 38

when a medical error occurs that inflicts significant harm on a patient and the patient's family -> can sustain complex psychological harm that can lead to detrimental outcomes such as suicide (similar symptoms to PTSD)

Question 39

assessment of stress & coping: subjective findings

Answer 39

-stressors and client's perception of the event -available situational supports -methods of coping -suicidality / homicidal thoughts

Question 40

assessment of stress & coping: objective findings

Answer 40

-appearance -nonverbal behavior

Question 41

assessment of stress & coping: what to consider

Answer 41

- sensitive topic (establish trust) - the environment & time -use open ended questions

Question 42

planning for nursing care for a person experiencing stress

Answer 42

-set priorities & develop pt centered goals -set objectives -SMART -one behavior per objective

Question 43

examples of goal outcomes for pts dealing with stress or coping

Answer 43

-"pt will engage in a support group" -" family members will be able to discuss a loss together" -"caregiver participates in respite care"

Question 44

implementation for stress and coping: health promotion

Answer 44

regular exercise & rest, support systems, time mgt, guided imagery, journal writing, mindful based stress reduction, stress mgt, social isolation/loneliness prevention

Question 45

implementation for stress and coping: acute care

Answer 45

crisis intervention

Question 46

implementation for stress and coping: restorative & continuing care

Answer 46

long term impact of a crisis

Question 47

evalution of stress reducing interventions

Answer 47

-does the pt believe stress has been reduced -analyze pt outcomes -empower the patient