Flashcards in 34 Age differences in intelligence Deck (10):
1
How are stability and change defined in intelligence testing?
Stability - consistency in the rank-order of people
Change - difference in the absolute level of a trait
2
Are intelligence scores stable over time?
Yeah, pretty much. r = .66 in the Scottish Mental Survey.
3
How do scores on the infant novel object habituation test correlate with IQ?
Children who take longer to grow bored of a novel object have lower IQs.
4
Is IQ stable among young children?
Actually, no, it's the exception. Because of rapid development before 6-8 years old, IQ at this age is less predictive of IQ later.
5
What explains the massive decrease of IQ across age groups in cross-sectional studies?
Cohort effects. In 1970 only 20% of people finished high school. Today it's 60%.
6
What is the size of the Flynn Effect on average?
3 IQ points per decade.
7
For which groups are cohort effects the largest?
There is evidence that cohort effects are larger for those who grew up without technology (born in 1920s and 1930s)
8
Does cross-sectional research overestimate or underestimate cognitive decline?
It overestimates cognitive decline.
9
How might longitudinal data underestimate cognitive decline?
- Because Pps get practice at tests
- Those you can follow up are likely to be high IQ
- Selective attrition - those who die more likely to be low IQ
10