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First Aid: Microbiology > Systems > Flashcards

Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Normal flora: dominant

skin

A

S. epidermidis

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2
Q

Normal flora: dominant

nose

A

S. epidermidis

colonized by S. aureus

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3
Q

Normal flora: dominant

oropharynx

A

Viridans group streptococci

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4
Q

Normal flora: dominant

dental plaque

A

S. mutans

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5
Q

Normal flora: dominant

colon

A

B. fragilis > E. coli

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6
Q

Normal flora: dominant

vagina

A

Lactobacillus

colonized by E. coli & group B strep

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7
Q

food poisoning

reheated rice

A

B. cereus

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8
Q

food poisoning

improperly canned foods

A

C. botulinum

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9
Q

food poisoning

reheated meat dishes

A

C. perfringens

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10
Q

food poisoning

undercooked meat

A

E. coli

O157:H7

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11
Q

food poisoning

poultry, meat, eggs

A

Salmonella

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12
Q

food poisoning

meats. mayonnaise, custard

preformed toxin

A

S. aureus

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13
Q

food poisoning

contaminated seafood

A

V. parahaemolyticus

V. vulnificus

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14
Q

bugs causing bloody diarrhea

A
  • Campylobacter
  • E. histolytica
  • EHEC
  • EIEC
  • Salmonella
  • Shigella
  • Y. enterocolitica
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15
Q

bugs causing watery diarrhea

A
  • C. difficile
  • C. perfringens
  • ETEC
  • Protozoa
  • V. cholerae
  • Viruses
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16
Q

common causes of pneumonia

neonates (<4 wks)

A
  • Group B streptococci
  • E. coli
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17
Q

common causes of pneumonia

children (4 wks - 18 yrs)

A

Runts May Cough Chunky Sputum

  • Viruses (RSV)
  • Mycoplasma
  • C. trachomatis (infants - 3 yrs)
  • C. pneumoniae (school-aged children)
  • S. pneumoniae
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18
Q

common causes of pneumonia

adults (18-40 YO)

A
  • Mycoplasma
  • C. pneumoniae
  • S. pneumoniae
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19
Q

common causes of pneumonia

adults (40-65 YO)

A
  • S. pneumoniae
  • H. influenzae
  • Anaerobes
  • Viruses
  • Mycoplasma
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20
Q

common causes of pneumonia

elderly

A
  • S. pneumoniae
  • Influenza virus
  • Anaerobes
  • H. influenzae
  • Gram-negative rods
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21
Q

pneumonia

alcoholic/IV drug user

A
  • S. pneumoniae
  • Klebsiella
  • Staphylococcus
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22
Q

pneumonia

aspiration

A

Anaerobes

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23
Q

pneumonia

atypical

A
  • Mycoplasma
  • Legionella
  • Chlamydia
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24
Q

pneumonia

cystic fibrosis

A
  • Pseudomonas
  • S. aureus
  • S. pneumnoiae
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25
Q

pneumonia

immunocompromised

A
  • Staphylococcus
  • Enteric gram-negative rods
  • Fungi
  • Viruses
  • P. jirovecii (w/ HIV)
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26
Q

pneumonia

nosocomial

A
  • Staphylococcus
  • Pseudomonas
  • Other enteric gram negative rods
27
Q

pneumonia

post-viral

A
  • Staphylococcus
  • H. influenzae
  • S. pneumoniae
28
Q

common causes of meningitis

newborn (0-6 mo)

A
  • Group B streptococci
  • E. coli
  • Listeria
29
Q

common causes of meningitis

children (6 mo - 6 yrs)

A
  • S. pneumoniae
  • N. meningitidis
  • H. influenzae type B
  • Enteroviruses
30
Q

common causes of meningitis

6 - 60 YO

A
  • S. pneumoniae
  • N. meningitidis (#1 in teens)
  • Enteroviruses
  • HSV
31
Q

common causes of meningitis

60 YO+

A
  • S. pneumoniae
  • Gram-negative rods
  • Listeria
32
Q

CSF findings in meningitis: bacterial

  • opening pressure
  • cell type
  • protein
  • sugar
A
  • increased
  • increased PMNs
  • increased
  • decreased
33
Q

CSF findings in meningitis: fungal/TB

  • opening pressure
  • cell type
  • protein
  • sugar
A
  • increased
  • increased lymphocytes
  • increased
  • decreased
34
Q

CSF findings in meningitis: viral

  • opening pressure
  • cell type
  • protein
  • sugar
A
  • normal/increased
  • increased lymphocytes
  • normal/increased
  • normal
35
Q

osteomyelitis

assume if no other information available

A

S. aureus (most common overall)

36
Q

osteomyelitis

sexually active

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (rare)

septic arthritis more common

37
Q

osteomyelitis

diabetics & IVDA

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Serratia

38
Q

osteomyelitis

sickle cell

A

Salmonella

39
Q

osteomyelitis

prosthetic joint replacement

A

S. aureus & S. epidermidis

40
Q

osteomyelitis

vertebral involvement

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Pott disease)

41
Q

osteomyelitis

cat & dog bites

A

Pasteurella multocida

42
Q

most osteomyelitis occurs in __________

A

children

43
Q

clinical presentation of cystitis

A
  • dysuria
  • frequency
  • urgency
  • suprapubic pain
  • WBCs in urine
44
Q

clinical presentation of pyelonephritis

A
  • fever
  • chills
  • flank pain
  • costovertebral angle tenderness
  • hematuria
  • WBC casts
45
Q

UTI bugs

A
  • Escherichia coli
  • Staphylococcus saprophyticus
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae
  • Serratia marcescens
  • Enterobacter cloacae
  • Proteus mirabilis
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
46
Q

common vaginal infections

A
  • Bacterial vaginosis
  • Trichomoniasis
  • Candida vulvovaginitis
47
Q

bacterial vaginosis

signs/symptoms

lab findings

A
  • no inflammation
  • thin, white discharge w/ fishy odor
  • clue cells
  • pH > 4.5
48
Q

trichomoniasis

signs/symptoms

lab findings

A
  • inflammation
  • frothy, grey-green, foul-smelling discharge
  • motile trichomonads
  • pH >4.5
49
Q

**candida vulvovaginitis **

signs/symptoms

lab findings

A
  • inflammation
  • thick, white “cottage cheese” discharge
  • pseudohyphae
  • pH normal (4.0-4.5)
50
Q

nonspecific signs common to TORCHES infections

A
  • hepatosplenomegaly
  • jaundice
  • thrombocytopenia
  • growth retardation
51
Q

ToRCHeS infections

A
  • Toxoplasma gondii
  • Rubella
  • CMV
  • HIV
  • Herpes simplex virus-2
  • Syphilis
52
Q

red rashes of childhood

A
  • Coxsackievirus type A
  • HHV-6
  • Measles virus
  • Parvovirus B19
  • Rubella virus
  • Streptococcus pyogenes
  • VZV
53
Q

rash begins at the head & moves down

A
  • Measles virus
    • preceded by cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, blue white Koplik spots on buccal mucosa
  • Rubella virus
    • fine truncal rash
    • postauricular lymphadenopathy
54
Q

vesicular rash begins on trunk

spreads to face & extremities

lesions of different ages

A

VZV (chickenpox)

55
Q

“slapped cheek” rash on face

A

Parvovirus B19

Erythema infectiosum (5th disease)

56
Q

sexually transmitted diseases

A
  • AIDS
  • Chancroid
  • Chlamydia
  • Condylomata acuminata
  • Genital herpes
  • Gonorrhea
  • Hepatitis B
  • Lymphogranuloma venereum
  • Primary syphilis
  • Secondary syphilis
  • Tertiary syphilis
  • Trichomoniasis
57
Q

top bugs of PID

A
  • Chlamydia trachomatis (subacute)
  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae (acute)
58
Q

clinical presentation of PID

A
  • cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign)
  • purulent cervical discharge
59
Q

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome

A
  • infection of the liver capsule
  • “violin string” adhesions of peritoneum to liver
60
Q

nosocomial infections

A
  • Candida albicans
  • CMV, RSV
  • E. coli, Proteus mirabilis
  • HBV
  • Legionella
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
61
Q

the 2 most common causes of nosocomial infections

A
  • E. coli (UTI)
  • S. aureus (wound infection)
62
Q

bugs affecting unimmunized children

rash

A
  • rubella virus
  • measles virus
63
Q

bugs affected unimmunized children

meningitis

A
  • H. influenzae type B
  • Poliovirus
64
Q

bugs affected unimmunized children

respiratory

A
  • H. influenzae type B
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae

First Aid: Microbiology (13 decks)

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