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First Aid: Microbiology > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

Systemic mycoses

A
  • Histoplasmosis
  • Blastomycosis
  • Coccidioidomycosis
  • Paracoccidioidomycosis
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2
Q

Histoplasmosis location

A

Mississippi & Ohio River Valleys

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3
Q

Blastomycosis location

A

Mississippi River

Central America

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4
Q

Coccidioidomycosis location

A

Southwestern US

California

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5
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis location

A

Latin America

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6
Q

clinical presentation of histoplasmosis

A

pneumonia

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7
Q

clinical presentation of Blastomycosis

A

inflammatory lung disease

disseminates to skin & bone

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8
Q

clinical presentation of Coccidioidomycosis

A
  • pneumonia
  • meningitis
  • disseminates to bone & skin
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9
Q

cases increase after earthquakes

A

Coccidioidomycosis

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10
Q

histoplasmosis histology

A

MΦ filled w/ histoplasma

smaller than RBC

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11
Q

blastomycosis histology

A

broad based budding

same size as RBC

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12
Q

coccidioidomycosis histology

A

spherule filled w/ endospores

much larger than RBC

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13
Q

paracoccidioidomycosis histology

A

budding yeast w/ “captain’s wheel” formation

much larger than RBC

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14
Q

*Malassezia furfur *

A

Tinea versicolor

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15
Q

**Tinea versicolor **

pathology

clinical presentation

A
  • occurs in hot/humid weather
  • degradation of lipids
  • acids damage melanocytes
  • hypo/hyper-pigmented patches
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16
Q

tinea versicolor treatment

A

topical Miconazole

selenium sulfide

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17
Q

“spaghetti & meatball appearance”

A

tinea versicolor

18
Q

Definitions

  • tinea pedis
  • tinea cruris
  • tinea corporis
  • tinea capitis
  • tinea unguium
A
  • tinea pedis = foot
  • tinea cruris = groin
  • tinea corporis = ringworm (on body)
  • tinea capitis = head, scalp
  • tinea unguium = onychomycosis (fingernails)
19
Q

dermatophytes

A
  • microsporum
  • trichophyton
  • epidermophyton
20
Q

how do the other tinae clinically present?

A

pruritic lesions w/ central clearing (ring)

mold hyphae on KOH

21
Q

candida albicans clinical presentation

A
  • oral & esophageal thrush (immunocompromised)
  • vulvovaginitis
  • diaper rash
  • endocarditis in IV drug users
  • disseminated candidiasis
  • chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
22
Q

candida albicans treatment

  • vaginal
  • oral/esophageal
  • systemic
A
  • vaginal
    • topical azole
  • oral/esophageal
    • fluconazole or caspofungin
  • systemic
    • fluconazole, amphotericin B, caspofungin
23
Q

clinical diseases of Aspergillus fumigatus

A
  • invasive aspergillosis
  • allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)
  • aspergilloma
24
Q

who tends to get infected w/ invasive aspergillosis

A
  • immunocompromised
  • chronic granulomatous disease
25
Q

allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

A
  • asthma & cystic fibrosis
  • bronchiectasis & eosinophilia
26
Q

aspergillomas infect the __________ post ______ infection.

A

lung cavities

TB

27
Q

Aspergillus fumigatus aflatoxins

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

28
Q

aspergillus branches at a _____ degree angle

A

45

29
Q

“soap bubble” lesions in brain

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

30
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans

morphology

spread/dissemination

A
  • heavily encapsulated yeast (NOT dimorphic)
  • soil, pigeon droppings
  • inhalation –> hematogenous dissemination to meninges
31
Q

Mucormycosis

A

Mucor & Rhizopus spp.

32
Q

Mucormycosis patient population

A

ketoacidotic diabetic & leukemic patients

33
Q

mucormycosis spread

A
  • excess ketone & glucose
  • fungi proliferate in BV walls
  • penetrate cribriform plate
  • enter brain
34
Q

Mucormycosis clinical presentation

A
  • Rhinocerebral, frontal lobe abscesses
  • headache, facial pain, black necrotic eschar on face
  • maybe CN involvement
35
Q

Mucormycosis treatment

A

amphotericin B

36
Q

inhaled yeast

diffuse bilateral CXR appearance

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii

37
Q

when do you start PCP prophylaxis?

A
  • CD4 <200 cells/mm3 in HIV patients
    • dapsone, atovaquone
  • TMP-SMX, pentamidine
38
Q

diffuse interstitial pneumonia

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii (PCP)

39
Q

dimorphic, cigar-shaped budding yeast

A

Sporothrix schenckii

40
Q

How is sporothrix schenckii spread?

A
  • vegetation –> thorn –> spores
  • local pustule or ulcer w/ nodules along draining lymphatics
  • ascending lymphangitis
41
Q

Sporothrix schenckii treatment

A

itraconazole, potassium iodide

First Aid: Microbiology (13 decks)

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