Staphylococcus aureus causes….
- Inflammatory disease
- Toxin-mediated disease
- MRSA infection
How does Toxic Shock Syndrome (S. aureus) present?
- Fever
- Vomiting
- Rash
- Desquamation
- Shock
- End-organ failure
Staphylococcus epidermidis infects….
prosthetic devices & intravenous catheters
___________ is the 2nd most common cause of uncomplicated UTI in young women.
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Streptococcus pneumoniae causes….
MOPS
- Meningitis
- Otitis media (children)
- Pneumonia
- Sinusitis
Viridan’s group streptococci causes…
- dental caries (Streptococcus mutans)
- subacute bacterial endocarditis (S. sanguinis)
Streptococcus pyogenes (group A) causes….
- Pyogenic
- pharyngitis, cellulitis, impetigo
- Toxigenic
- scarlet fever, toxic shock-like syndrome, necrotizing fasciitis
- Immunologic
- rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis
J(<3)NES criteria for rheumatic fever
- Joints - polyarthritis
- <3 - carditis
- Nodules (subq)
- Erythema marginatum
- Sydenham chorea
Scarlet fever triad
- Scarlet rash w/ sandpaper-like texture
- Strawberry tongue
- Circumoral pallor
Streptococcus agalactiae (group B) causes….
mainly in babies
- pneumonia
- meningitis
- sepsis
Enterococci (group D) causes…
- UTI
- biliary tract infections
- subacute endocarditis
Streptococcus bovis (group D) causes….
- colonizes the gut
- bacteremia & subacute endocarditis
- colon cancer patients
Symptoms of Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- pseudomembranous pharyngitis (gray-white membrane)
- lymphadenopathy
- myocarditis
- arrhythmias
Corynebacterium diphtheriae pneumonic
ABCDEFG
- ADP-ribosylation
- Beta-prophage
- Corynebacterium
- Diphtheriae
- Elongation Factor 2
- Granules
_________ causes spastic paralysis.
_________causes flaccid paralysis.
Clostridium tetani
Clostridium botulinum
reheated rice syndrome
Bacillus cereus
the only gram (+) organism to produce LPS
Listeria monocytogenes
What kind of TB?
- Ghon focus (mid-zone of lung)
- Fibrocaseous cavity lesion (upper lobes)
- Primary TB
- Secondary TB
What are the 4 classic symptoms of TB?
- Fever
- Night sweats
- Weight loss
- Hemoptysis
What are the 2 forms of Hansen disease?
How do they differ?
- Lepromatous
- Leonine (lion-like) facies
- Low cell-mediated immunity
- Humoral Th2 response
- Tuberculoid
- Hypoesthetic, hairless skin plaques
- High cell-mediated immunity
- Th1 type immune response
Haemophilus pneumonic
HaEMOPhilus
- Epiglottitis
- “cherry red” in children
- Meningitis
- Otitis media
- Pneumonia
How do you culture Legionella?
use silver stain –> grow on charcoal yeast extract culture w/ iron & cysteine
Definitions
- Legionnaire’s disease
- Pontiac fever
- Legionnaire’s disease
- Severe pneumonia
- Fever
- GI & CNS symptoms
- Pontiac fever
- Mild flu-like syndrome
Pseudomonas pneumonic
PSEUDOmonas
- Pneumonia (CF)
- Sepsis
- External otitis
- UTI
- Drug use
- Diabetic Osteomyelitis
Ecthyma gangrenosum
- rapidly progressive necrotic cutaneous lesions caused by Pseudomonas bacteremia
- immunocompromised patients
E. coli virulence factors
- Fimbriae - cystitis & pyelonephritis
- K capsule - pneumoni, neonatal meningitis
- LPS endotoxin - septic shock
EIEC
- Toxin & Mechanism
- Presentation
- invades intestinal mucosa
- necrosis & inflammation
- invasive, dysentery
ETEC
- Toxin & Mechanism
- Presentation
- heat-labile & heat-stable enterotoxins
- traveler’s diarrhea (watery)
EPEC
- Toxin & Mechanism
- Presentation
- adheres to apical surface
- flattens villi, prevents absorption
- diarrhea in children (Pediatrics)
EHEC
- Toxin & Mechanism
- Presentation
- O157:H7 is the most common serotype
- Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
- Anemia
- Thrombocytopenia
- Acute renal failure
- dysentery, doesn’t ferment sorbitol
The 4 A’s of Klebsiella
- Aspiration pneumonia
- Abscess in lungs & liver
- Alcoholics
- di-A-betics
Typhoid fever
- Cause
- Characteristics
Salmonella typhi
- rose spots on the abdomen
- fever
- headache
- diarrhea
major cause of bloody diarrhea in children
Campylobacter jejuni
Leptospirosis
- Cause
- Characteristics
*Leptospira interrogans *
- flu-like symptoms
- jaundice
- photophobia w/ conjunctival suffusion
- erythema w/o exudate
Weil disease
- _icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis _
- severe from w/ jaundice & azotemia from liver & kidney dysfunction
- fever, hemorrhage & anemia
Lyme disease pneumonic
FAKE a Key Lyme pie
- Facial nerve palsy (bilateral)
- Arthritis
- Kardiac block
- Erythema migrans
primary syphilis
painless chancre
secondary syphilis
- secondary = systemic
- constitutional symptoms
- maculopapular rash (palms/soles)
- condylomata lata
tertiary syphilis
- gummas (chronic granulomas)
- aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction)
- neurosyphilis (tabes dorsalis)
- Argyll Robertson pupil
congenital syphilis
- saber shins
- saddle nose
- CN VIII deafness
- Hutchinson teeth
- mulberry molars
Argyll Robertson pupil
constricts w/ accommodation
not reactive to light
Anaplasmosis
Anaplasma spp.
Cat scratch disease
Bartonella spp.
Lyme disease
Borrelia burgdorferi
relapsing fever
Borrelia recurrentis
Brucellosis/undulant fever
Brucella spp.
bloody diarrhea
Campylobacter
Psittacosis
Chlamydophila psittaci
Q fever
Coxiella burnetii
Ehrlichiosis
Ehrlichia chaffeensis
Tularemia
Francisella tularensis
Leptospirosis
Leptospira spp.
Leprosy
Mycobacterium leprae
cellulitis, osteomyelitis
Pasteurella multocida
Epidemic typhus
Rickettsia proawazekii
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Rickettsia rickettsii
Endemic typhus
Rickettsia typhi
Plague
Yersinia pestis
fishy smell
clue cells
vaginosis
Garderella vaginalis
Rash
- Rocky Mountain spotted fever
- Typhus
- Rocky Mountain spotted fever
- starts at wrists & ankles
- spreads to trunk, palms, soles
- Typhus
- starts centrally & spreads out
- spares palms & soles
- monocytes w/ morulae in cytoplasm
- granulocytes w/ morulae in cytoplasm
- Ehrliciosis
- Anaplasmosis
2 forms of Chlamydiae
- Elementary body
- “Enfectious”
- Enters cell via Endocytosis
- Reticulate body
- Replicates in cell by fission
frequent outbreaks in military recruits & prisons
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
burn victims
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
red “currant jelly” sputum
Klebsiella
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
flu-like syndrome after antibiotics are started
due to killed bacteria releasing pyogenes
classic triad of Rocky Mountain spotted fever
- headache
- fever
- rash (vasculitis)
