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Biochem 1 > Acetyl CoA and CAC > Flashcards

Acetyl CoA and CAC Flashcards

1
Q

What is Acetyl-CoA made of

A

acetate and coenzyme A linked by thioester bond

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2
Q

what is Aoenzyme A made of

A

AMP
vita B5
mercaptoethylamine

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3
Q

succinyl COA

A

metabolic intermeidate of CAC

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4
Q

fatty acyl COA

A

derivative acylated with a fatty acid

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5
Q

what is the unacylated form of Coenzyme called

A

CoASH

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6
Q

What can acetyl-CoA be formed from

A

Cars
fatty acids
amino acids

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7
Q

what can acetyl-CoA serve as

A

substrate of CAC

metabolic precursor for fatty acids, ketone bodies, cholesteral

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8
Q

how does glycose get to acetyl CoA

A

glycolysis to pyruvate which undergoes oxidative decarboxylation

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9
Q

how do free fatty acids become acetyl CoA

A

beta oxidation

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10
Q

how do amino acids become acetyl CoA

A

demaination and oxidation

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11
Q

what is the major source of pyruvate

A

glycolytic pathway

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12
Q

Is the PDH complex reversible

A

no

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13
Q

What are the 3 enzymes of the PDH complex

A

pyruvate decarboylase
dihydrolipoyl transacetylase
dihydrolipoyldehydrogenase

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14
Q

first step of PDH complex

A

pyruvate decarboicated to form hydroexyethyl derivative bound to TPP

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15
Q

second step of PDH complex

A

hydroxyethyl intermediate oxidated to acetyl group by transfer of disulfide form of lipoic acid bound to dihydrolipoyl transcetylase

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16
Q

3rd step of PDH complex

A

acetyl group trransfered to CoASH by transacetylase

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17
Q

4th step of PDH complex

A

regen lipoic acid via dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase

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18
Q

5th step of PDH compelx

A

FAD2 reoxidated to FAD by dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase. produces NADH

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19
Q

waht are the products of PDH complex

A

Acetyl CoA, CO2, NADH, H+

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20
Q

What is TPPP

A

pyrophosphorylated form of thiamin

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21
Q

Where is the PDH complex

A

mitochondrial matrix

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22
Q

where is pyruvate generated

A

cytosol

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23
Q

What is the general reaction of PDH compelx

A

pyrucate is converted to acetyl-CoA via loss of DO2

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24
Q

what happens to the NADH in PDH complex

A

oxidized by ETS, resulting in generation of 3 ATPs

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25
Q

what are teh 5 coenzymes of PDH complex reaction

A

CoA, NAD+, TPP, lipoamide, FAD

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26
Q

what are the 2 soluble coenzymes of PDH complex reaction

A

CoA, NAD+

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27
Q

what are the 3 tightly bound coenzyme of PDH compelx

A

TPP, lipoamide, FAD

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28
Q

What are the 4 B vitamins in coenzyme strucutres

A

thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothetnic acid

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29
Q

waht is thiamin assocaited with

A

TPP

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30
Q

what is riboflavian associated with

A

FAD

31
Q

what is niacin assoicated with

A

NAD/NADH

32
Q

what is pantothenic acid assocaited with

A

CoASH

33
Q

what happens if you get inhibition of PDH comples

A

metabolic acidosis

34
Q

roles of CAC

A

major ATP generating pathway

metabolic precursors for biosyntehsis

35
Q

where does the CAC take place

A

mitochondria

36
Q

Waht does the CAC generate

A

3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 GTP

37
Q

how many ATPs can the CAC generate

A

12

38
Q

1st reaction in CAC

A

acetyl CoA + OAA –> citrate via citrate synthase

39
Q

2nd reaction in CAC

A

citrate –> isocritrate via acontiase

40
Q

3rd reaction in CAC

A

isocitrate –> alpha ketoglutarate via isocitrate dehydrogenase

41
Q

4th reaction in CAC

A

alpha KG —> succinyl-CoA via alpha KG dehydrogase complex

42
Q

5th reaction in CAC

A

succinyl CoA —> succinate via succinyl-CoA synthetase

43
Q

6th reaction in CAC

A

succinate —> fumrate via succinate dehydrogenase

44
Q

7th reaction in CAC

A

fumate —-> malate via fumarase

45
Q

8th reaction in CAC

A

malate —> OAA via malate dehydrogase

46
Q

what CAC reactions produce CO2

A

isocitrate —-> alpha-KG

alpha-KG —-> succinyl-CoA

47
Q

what CAC reactions produce NADH

A

isocitrate —> alpha-KG
alpha KG —-> succinyl CoA
malate —> OAA

48
Q

what CAC reaction produces FADH2

A

succinate —> fumarate

49
Q

how many ATPs does NADH yield

A

3

50
Q

how many ATPs does FADH2 yield

A

2

51
Q

how many ATPs can be formed from each molecules of pyruvate

A

15

52
Q

how many ATPs can be formed from each glucose molecule

A

30

53
Q

what happens if oxygen in limited

A

pyruvate gets reduced to lactate using NADH

54
Q

what does citrate lead to

A

Acetyl-CoA, fatty acids, sterols

55
Q

waht does alpha-KG lead to

A

glutamate, amino acids purine

56
Q

what does succinyl-CoA lead to

A

porphyrins

57
Q

what does malate lead to

A

pyrucate alanin

58
Q

what os OAA lead to

A

phosphoneyl pyruvate, glucose

aspartate, amino acids, urea, purines, pyrimdiens

59
Q

what is the most important anaplerotic enzyme

A

pyruvate carboxylase

60
Q

what does pyruvate carboxylase do

A

turn pyruvate into OAA,

61
Q

where is pyruvate caroxylase

A

mitochondrial matrix

62
Q

what does pyruvate carboxylase requrie

A

biotin

63
Q

function of glutamate dehydrogenase

A

remove amin group from amino acids so they can be oxidized to form ATP

64
Q

what are the key intermediates that signal there is a lot of energy

A

acetyl-COA
citrate
NADH

65
Q

what inhibit the PDH Complex

A

acetyl CoA, NADH, ATP, fatty acids

66
Q

what stimulates the PDH complex

A

CoASh, pyrucate, ,NAD+, ADP

67
Q

how does phosphorylation state affect activity of PDH complex

A

less active in phosphoryaltes state

68
Q

what happens when PDH protein kinase is activated

A

inhibits PDH activity

69
Q

what are the 2 most important enzymes for regulation of CAC

A

isocitrate dehydrogenase, alpha-KG dehyrogenase complex

70
Q

what is isocitrate dehydrogenase activated by

A

ADP

71
Q

what is isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibited by

A

NADH

72
Q

what is alpha-KG dehydrogenase inhibited by

A

succinyl-CoA and NADH

73
Q

symptoms of thiamin defiency

A

mental confusion
ataxia
loss of eye coordination

74
Q

symptoms of beri beri

A

neuromuscluar symptom
muscle atrophy
weakness

Biochem 1 (28 decks)

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