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Biochem 1 > Carbs IV > Flashcards

Carbs IV Flashcards

1
Q

where does glycogen synthesis occur

A

liver and muscle cells

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2
Q

what are the steps of activation of glucose

A
  1. glucose phosphorylation by hexokinase to glucose 6 phophate
  2. G 6P —> glucose 1 phophate by phosphoglucomutase
  3. G1P —> UDP glucose ia UDP glucose pyrophorylase
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3
Q

in general what is happening during glycogen synthesis

A

adding activated glucose in alpha 1.4 linkages and later branches the chains with alpha 1.6 bodns

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4
Q

what becomes active when blood glucose levels are low

A

glycogen phosphoylase

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5
Q

what is the regulated step of glycoen syntehsis

A

glucose to glucose 6 phophase

glycogen synthase

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6
Q

what is hexokinase and glucokinse stimulated by

A

insuline

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7
Q

what is hexolinase inhibtied by

A

g6p

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8
Q

what is glucokinas einhibted by

A

hexxokinase isozyme in liver NOT g6p

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9
Q

what is glycogen synthase inhibted by

A

glucagon, epinephrine

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10
Q

what is glycogen synthase stimulated by

A

insuline

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11
Q

what are the regulated steps in glycogen degration

A

glucogen phophorylase

glucose 6 phosphatse

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12
Q

what inhibts glucogen phophorylase

A

inusline

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13
Q

what is glycogen phosphorylase sitmualted by

A

glucagon, epinephrine

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14
Q

waht is glucose 6 phosphatase inhbited by

A

insulin

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15
Q

what is glucsoe 6 phosphatase sitmualted by

A

glucagon, epinephrine

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16
Q

how does insulin affect blood sugar conc

A

lowers

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17
Q

how does glucagon affect blood sugar conc

A

elecates

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18
Q

what is livers role in glucose

A

a resevoir for glucose

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19
Q

why can muscles not release glucose

A

they are lacking glucose 6 phosphase

20
Q

how does epinephrine affect muscles

A

causes them to break down glycogen but in addition activate glycolysis to generate ATP

21
Q

what does phosphorylation favor

A

glycogen degradation

22
Q

what happens when glucagon or epinephrine bind to receptors on cell surface

A

activates adenylate cyclase

23
Q

what happens when adenylate cyclase is activated

A

increase in cAMP

24
Q

what happens when you have elevated cAMP

A

stimulate protein kinase A

25
Q

what does protein kinase A do

A

activate phosphorylase kinase

26
Q

what does phosphorylase kinase do

A

phosphorylates glycogen phosphorylase, starts degradation o glycogen

27
Q

what is the other target of active protein kinase A

A

glycogen synthase

28
Q

what is the only organ that expresses glucose 6 phosphatase

A

liver

29
Q

affect of insuline on liver

A

activate glycoen synthase
ianctivate glycogen phosphorylase
stimulate glycolysis and ATP generation

30
Q

affect of glucagon on liver

A

inactivate glycogen synthase
activate glycogen phosphorylase
activate glucose 6 phosphatase
activate gluconeogensis

31
Q

affect of epinephrine on liver

A

inactivate glycogen synthase
activate glycogen phosphorlase
activate glucose 6 phosphatase

32
Q

affect of insulin on muscle

A

stimulate glucose uptake
stimulate glycolysis and ATP generation
increases muscle glycogen and creatine phosphate levels

33
Q

affect of glucaon on muscle

A

no affect

34
Q

affect of epinephrine on muscle

A

inactivate glycogen sythase
activate glycogen phosphorlase
sitmlate glycolysis

35
Q

type 1/van gierke results from defec tin what

A

glucose 6 phosphatase

36
Q

symptom of type 1/von gierke

A

hypoglycemia, increased liver glycogen stores

37
Q

type ii or pompe is caused by

A

deficienly of acid maltase

38
Q

symptom of type ii/pompe

A

lysosome fill with glycogen, cardiac or respiratory failure causes death

39
Q

type iii/cori disease is cauded by what

A

defect in glycogen debranching enzyme

40
Q

type V/Mcardle is caused by what

A

defect in muscle glycogen phosphorylase

41
Q

symptom of type V/McArdle

A

exercise intolerance

42
Q

what are the 2 pathways for alcohol metabolism

A

2 dehydrogenase reactions

MEOS pathway

43
Q

how does ethanol metabolism affect NAD and NADH

A

reduces amount of NAD and increases amount of ANDH in cytoplasm

44
Q

what happens when NADH conc is high

A

pyruvate adn OAA disppear, get converted into lactate and malate

45
Q

what happens to the ecxess lactate

A

accumualtes in blood, metabolic acidosis,

46
Q

what does NADH reduce that capacity for

A

gluconeogensis

47
Q

what does NADH block

A

CAC

Biochem 1 (28 decks)

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