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Biochem 1 > Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism I > Flashcards

Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism I Flashcards

1
Q

what secretes HCl

A

parietal cells

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2
Q

what secretes pepsin

A

chief cells

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3
Q

endopeptidase

A

it cleaves internal peptide bons within proteins

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4
Q

what is the optimal pepsin activity pH

A

2

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5
Q

waht does secretin stimulate

A

acinar cells of pancreas to release HCO3- rich fluid

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6
Q

function of cholecystokinin

A

release of bile from gall bladder

release of digestive enzymes from pancrease

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7
Q

how does trypsinogen get converted to active trypsin

A

enteropeptidase

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8
Q

what is the liminal surface of epithelical cells of small intestine rich in

A

endopeptidase and aminopeptidase activity

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9
Q

waht are teh small neutral AA

A

gly, ser, ala

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10
Q

waht are teh alrge neurtral amino acids

A

leu, ile, phe, try, al, met, trp, gln

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11
Q

what are teh basic amino acids

A

arg, lys

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12
Q

what are teh acidic amino acids

A

asp, glu

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13
Q

what happesn when peptides get inside the epithelial cell

A

get rapidly hydrolysed by peptidases

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14
Q

how do free amino acids in epithhalial cells get to portal circualtion

A

facilitated diffusion into capillaries

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15
Q

how does hartnup disease work

A

blocks acitivty of AA transport that is responsible for uptake of large neutral amino acids

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16
Q

symptoms of hartnup disease

A

pellagra

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17
Q

how do you treat hartnup disease

A

niacin

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18
Q

what is celiac caused by

A

immune response to alpha-gliadin

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19
Q

how does nitrogen get into the body

A

dietary protein

20
Q

how is nitrogen excreted

A

urea in urine

21
Q

when would you get a negiatve nitrogen balance

A

not enough protein intake

22
Q

when do you get a positive nitrogen balance

A

net increase in body protein (prengnat women, growing kids)

23
Q

what does PvT Tim Hall stand for

A 
pheny
valine
threonine
tryptophan
isoleucine
methionine
histidine
arg
leu
lys
24
Q

what is the is the essential AA for infants

A

arginine

25
Q

aKG and OAA are precursors of waht

A 
glutamate
glutamine
proline
argingine
aspartate
asparagine
26
Q

pyruvate and 2-phosoglycerate are precursors of waht

A

alanine

serine

27
Q

tyrosine is formed from waht

A

phenylalaine

28
Q

what is cysterine formed from

A

serine and methionine

29
Q

how can glutamate be gerneated

A

tranaminatino of aKG

deamidation of glutamine

30
Q

what does the transaminatino of glutamate require

A

vit B6

31
Q

how do you get glutamine from glutamate

A

glutamine synthetase

32
Q

why is glutamine productio nin peripheral tissues important

A

removal of ammonium ions

33
Q

glutamine produced in peripheral tissues is aborbed by what

A

kidney, liver, gut

34
Q

what hydrolyzes the amide group in glutamine

A

glutaminase

35
Q

what happens to glutamine that goes to kidney

A

gets eliminated

36
Q

what happens to glutamine tha tgoes to liver

A

urea cycle

37
Q

what happens to glutamine tha tgoes to gut

A

goes from portal circulation into liver

38
Q

functino of aminotransferases

A

catalyze interconvertion of AA and theri corresponding alpha ketoacids

39
Q

what amino acids don’ thave correspondign aminotransferase enzymes

A

threonine and lysine

40
Q

how is glutamate related to alpha keto acid

A

servers as an amino group donor

41
Q

how is alpha ketoglutarate realted to glutamate

A

serves as an amino group acceptor

42
Q

what do all amino transferases require

A

PLP - vit B6

43
Q

are the reactions catalyzed by aminotransferases reversible

A

yes

44
Q

what do you use to syntheize alanine from pyruvate

A

ALT

45
Q

what does the ALT reaction play an important role in

A

connect muscle and liver metabolism during early fasting

Biochem 1 (28 decks)

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