Carbs V

Question 1

proteoglycans

Answer 1

very large molcules that consist mainly of acidic modified sugars

Question 2

where does the glycosylation of cell surface proteins occur

Answer 2

in ER and golgi apparatus

Question 3

functions of ECM

Answer 3

elasticity to cartilage
tensile strength to tendons
cohesion to CT
viscosity to ocular fluids

Question 4

what does ECM owe it’s mechanical properties to

Answer 4

collagen and proteoglycan

Question 5

glycosaminoglycans

Answer 5

attached carb side chains

Question 6

what type of charge do GAGs have

Answer 6

negative

Question 7

why is the GAG negative charnge important

Answer 7

cations are attracted to it and get trapped in the ECM, giving it gel like properties

Question 8

what does GAGs considte of

Answer 8

repreating units of amino sugar and acid

Question 9

how are proteoglycans syntehsized

Answer 9

sugar reidues added to both serine and asparagine resides
sulfate groups added
linked to hyaluronic acid

Question 10

what does the hyaluronic acid linkage require

Answer 10

linker protein

Question 11

where are proteoglycans degraded

Answer 11

in lysosomes

Question 12

what are proteoglycans linked to

Answer 12

long polymers of acids and aminosugars which are sulfating in golgi apparatus after synthesis

Question 13

what do proteoglycans required for degradation

Answer 13

specialized vacuolar enzymes

Question 14

mucopolysaccharidosis

Answer 14

defective proteoglycan degrading hydrolase, causing substrate to accumulate in lysosomes

Question 15

what gets accumulated in hunter syndrome

Answer 15

dermatan sulfate

heparan sulfate

Question 16

what is the defective enzyme in hunter syndrome

Answer 16

iduronate sulfatase

Question 17

symtptoms of hunter syndrome

Answer 17

skeletal abnoramlity

intellula disability

Question 18

what gets accumulated in hurler’scheie

Answer 18

dermatan sulfate

herparan sulfate

Question 19

what is teh defective enzyme in herler schie

Answer 19

alpha iduronase

Question 20

what is teh symptoms for herler scheie

Answer 20

skeletal abnoramlity, intellectual disability

Question 21

what gets accumulated in sanfilippos

Answer 21

heparan sulfate

Question 22

waht are teh symptoms for sanfilipposns

Answer 22

mild physical defects

severe intellectual diability

Question 23

for the glycosylation of proteins what does the cell need to synthesize mainly

Answer 23

mannose
galactose
fucose

Question 24

what is teh general pathway for synthesis of imporatant sugars from glucose

Answer 24

1. UDP galactose synthesized
2. fructose 6 phophate —> mannose 6 phospahte
3. GDP mannose —> GDP fucose

Question 25

glycosylation is a common path for waht

Answer 25

excretion of poorly water soluble molecules

Question 26

where do glycosylation reactions occur

Answer 26

liver

Question 27

what do glycosylation reactions require

Answer 27

production of UDP-glucuronic acid

Question 28

what happens if the UDP glucuronylation pathway of dextox is overwelhmed

Answer 28

acetaminophen is oxidized by NABQI

Question 29

allosteric regulation

Answer 29

fast acting

Question 30

What are common allosteric regulators indicators of

Answer 30

ATP and NADPH

Question 31

covalent modification of enzyme

Answer 31

slowe rprocess, under hormonal control

Question 32

translocation of glucose transporter GLUT4

Answer 32

mechanism that regulates glucose uptake into cells

Question 33

what controls the rate of protein synthesis

Answer 33

hormones

Question 34

what can happen in RBC

Answer 34

glycolysis

PPP

Question 35

what can happen in muscle and heart

Answer 35

glycogen metabolism
glycolysis
ox phos
PPP

Question 36

what can happen in adipose tissue

Answer 36

glycogen metabolim
ox phos
glycolysis
PPP
FA synthesis

Question 37

what can happen in liver

Answer 37

glycogen metablism
glycolysis
gluconeogenesis
PPP
ox phos
FA synthesis